Locoregionally Recurrent Colon Cancer: How Far Have We Come? A Population-Based, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The reported outcomes of locoregionally recurrent colon cancer (LRCC) are poor, but the literature about LRCC is scarce and aged. Recent population-based studies to provide current insight into LRCC are warranted. This study aimed to provide an overview of the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and overall survival (OS) of patients with LRCC after curative resection of stage I-III primary colon cancer.

Individuals' Preferences for Esophageal Cancer Screening: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Objectives: The increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and the dismal prognosis has stimulated interest in the early detection of EAC. Our objective was to determine individuals' preferences for EAC screening and to assess to what extent procedural characteristics of EAC screening tests predict willingness for screening participation.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment questionnaire was sent by postal mail to 1000 subjects aged 50 to 75 years who were randomly selected from the municipal registry in the Netherlands.

Minipigs as an animal model for dermal vaccine delivery.

Appropriate animal models for intradermal vaccine delivery are scarce. Given the high similarity of their skin anatomy to that of humans, minipigs may be a suitable model for dermal vaccine delivery. Here we describe the immunization of Göttingen minipigs by using intradermal and intramuscular delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

Blood clearance and tissue distribution of PEGylated and non-PEGylated gold nanorods after intravenous administration in rats.

Aims: To develop and determine the safety of gold nanorods, whose aspect ratios can be tuned to obtain plasmon peaks between 650 and 850 nm, as contrast enhancing agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Materials & Methods: In this study we compared the blood clearance and tissue distribution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated gold nanorods after intravenous injection in the tail vein of rats. The gold content in blood and various organs was measured quantitatively with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Presence and risks of nanosilica in food products.

This study uniquely describes all steps of the risk assessment process for the use of one specific nanomaterial (nanosilica) in food products. The aim was to identify gaps in essential knowledge and the difficulties and uncertainties associated with each of these steps. Several food products with added silica (E551) were analyzed for the presence, particle size and concentration of nanosilica particles, using experimental analytical data, and the intake of nanosilica via food was estimated.

The kinetics of the tissue distribution of silver nanoparticles of different sizes.

Blood kinetics and tissue distribution of 20, 80 and 110 nm silver nanoparticles were investigated in rats up to 16 days after intravenous administration once daily for 5 consecutive days. Following both single and repeated injection, silver nanoparticles disappeared rapidly from the blood and distributed to all organs evaluated (liver, lungs, spleen, brain, heart, kidneys and testes) regardless of size. The 20 nm particles distributed mainly to liver, followed by kidneys and spleen, whereas the larger particles distributed mainly to spleen followed by liver and lung.

In vitro testing for direct immunotoxicity: state of the art.

Immunotoxicity is defined as the toxicological effects of xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals on the functioning of the immune system and can be induced in either direct or indirect ways. Direct immunotoxicity is caused by the effects of chemicals on the immune system, leading to immunosuppression and subsequently to reduced resistance to infectious diseases or certain forms of nongenotoxic carcinogenicity.In vitro testing has several advantages over in vivo testing, such as detailed mechanistic understanding, species extrapolation (parallelogram approach), and reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments.

The status of in vitro toxicity studies in the risk assessment of nanomaterials.

Nanotechnology applications already on the market or in development promise great benefits for humans as well as the environment. Simultaneously, the pressure to advance the development of fast methods for evaluating the potential risks of increased human exposure to nanomaterials is augmented. One way forward would be to enhance the role of in vitro toxicity studies in risk assessment procedures of nanomaterials.

Pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic profile of a long-term continuous rate infusion of racemic ketamine in healthy conscious horses.

Ketamine (KET) possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at sub-anesthetic doses, suggesting a benefit of long-term KET treatment in horses suffering from pain, inflammatory tissue injury and/or endotoxemia. However, data describing the pharmacodynamic effects and safety of constant rate infusion (CRI) of KET and its pharmacokinetic profile in nonpremedicated horses are missing. Therefore, we administered to six healthy horses a CRI of 1.

Ketamine inhibits LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in an equine macrophage cell line.

Ketamine is widely used in equine anaesthesia. Beside its anaesthetic and analgesic properties, ketamine possesses a cytokine-modulating activity. However, to date, no data are available regarding the inhibitory effect of ketamine on the cytokine response in horses.

Autologous and homologous transplantation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells.

The aim of this study was to develop a method for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation into the bovine testis. Five-month-old Holstein-Friesian calves were used and half of the calves were hemicastrated to allow autologous transplantation and the other half were used for homologous transplantation. Approximately 20 g of each testis was used for cell isolation.

Hormonal, metabolic and physiological effects of laparoscopic surgery using a detomidine-buprenorphine combination in standing horses.

Objective: To assess the hormonal, metabolic and physiological effects of laparascopic surgery performed under a sedative analgesic combination of detomidine and buprenorphine in standing horses.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Animals: Eight healthy adult Dutch Warmblood horses and five healthy adult ponies undergoing laparoscopy were studied.

[Splenectomy in a dressage pony: end of sports career?].

A 14-year-old Arabian cross-bred gelding was referred to the University Clinic because of mild, recurrent signs of colic for 5 days. The pony showed icteric mucous membranes, haemolytic blood, and dark coloured urine. Internal examination did not give a clear diagnosis.

Hormonal, metabolic and physiological effects of laparoscopic surgery using a detomidine-buprenorphine combination in standing horses.

Objective: To assess the hormonal, metabolic and physiological effects of laparascopic surgery performed under a sedative analgesic combination of detomidine and buprenorphine in standing horses.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Animals: Eight healthy adult Dutch Warmblood horses and five healthy adult ponies undergoing laparoscopy were studied.

Factors influencing the occurrence of thrombophlebitis after post-surgical long-term intravenous catheterization of colic horses: a study of 38 cases.

Thrombophlebitis is a well-known complication of the use of long-term in-dwelling catheters. In humans, catheter material has been shown to strongly influence the occurrence of thrombophlebitis. In the horse, the influence of catheter material has been studied in healthy experimental animals, but information on the relative importance of this factor is lacking.