The Interaction of Treadmill Type and Incline Slope on Biomechanics and Muscle Activation During Human Locomotion.

Unlabelled: To investigate the effects of differing treadmills on impact acceleration and muscle activation.

Methods: 15 males and 7 females (27.8 ± 7.

Physiological and Psychological Differences Between 20% Grade Incline Walking and Level-Grade Jogging at Isocaloric Intensity.

High-incline walking is a relatively new trend with little comparative information. This study compared physiological and psychological differences between high-incline walking at 20% grade (HIW) and level-grade jogging (LGJ) at isocaloric intensities in young adults. Twenty-two participants (M = 11, F = 11) aged 19-31 years completed the study.

Sociodemographic Correlates of Food Insecurity in Students Attending a Private University: A Cross-Sectional, Descriptive Study.

Background: Food insecurity is thought to be a prevalent yet misunderstood problem among college/university students. There is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of food insecurity in this population, and even less among private institutions of higher education. Food insecurity in college/university students can have harmful effects on students' academic performance and health.

Cost of transport at preferred walking speeds are minimized while walking on moderately steep incline surfaces.

Research has shown that preferred walking speed results in a minimization of the cost of transport on flat surfaces. However, it has also been shown that over non-smooth surfaces other variables, such as stability, are necessary for task completion increasing the cost of transport. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of incline walking on the cost of transport, assessing the effect of raising the center of mass as a potential variable affecting preferred walking speed, such that the cost of transport is no longer minimized.

Development and validation of a steep incline and decline metabolic cost equation for steady-state walking.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a data-supported prediction equation (Lankford equation) for walking metabolic cost ([Formula: see text]), and to compare this equation to the ACSM, Pandolf, Minetti, and LCDA equations. The current study also investigated how kinematics of incline walking relates to mechanical efficiency and metabolic cost.

Method: Subjects consisted of 145 recreationally fit individuals.

The construction of common treadmills significantly affects biomechanical and metabolic variables.

Surface compliance has been shown to affect leg stiffness and energetics. It is unknown if compliance differences between common treadmills would elicit such changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if compliance design differences of common treadmills would affect the mechanics and energetics of running.

A 360° electronic device for recording high-resolution intraoperative electrocorticography of the brain during awake craniotomy.

Objective: Epilepsy is common among patients with supratentorial brain tumors; approximately 40%-70% of patients with glioma develop brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE). Intraoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone during surgical tumor resection (real-time data) may improve intervention techniques in patients with lesional epilepsy, including BTRE. Accurate localization of the epileptogenic signals requires electrodes with high-density spatial organization that must be placed on the cortical surface during surgery.

The Energy Expenditure of Recreational Ballroom Dance.

The popularity of recreational ballroom dancing has increased dramatically in recent years. Yet, relatively little information is known regarding the physiological demands of ballroom dancing. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy requirements for recreational ballroom dancing.

Effects of Home-Based Exercise Training Systems, Combined with Diet, on Cardiometabolic Health.

The efficacy of exercise training systems designed to be used in the home on cardiometabolic outcomes remains largely unknown. This investigation included two studies. Study 1 tested the effects a multi-exercise pulley system (NordicTrack Fusion CST with video trainer) and Study 2 an incline trainer (NordicTrack X22i with video trainer), both combined with daily food provision, for 12-weeks on indices of cardiometabolic health.

Characterizing the Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Costs of Polynesian Dances.

This study characterized both aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure (EE) for several Polynesian dances in a group of experienced professional Polynesian dancers. Thirteen men and 17 women were tested using indirect calorimetry to assess aerobic EE (and converted to METs), and fingertip blood lactate to estimate anaerobic EE, during both resting and dancing activities. Total EE was then computed as the sum of both aerobic and anaerobic activity energy expenditure (AEE, or EE above resting).

Effect of oral JZP-110 (ADX-N05) treatment on wakefulness and sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy.

Background: JZP-110 is a wake-promoting agent with dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity.

Methods: This double-blind, crossover study, randomized adults with narcolepsy with or without cataplexy (N = 33) to placebo or JZP-110 at 150 mg/day (weeks 1 and 3) increased to 300 mg/day (weeks 2 and 4). Patients had to have baseline Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores ≥10 and mean sleep latencies ≤10 min on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT).

A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled, multicenter, polysomnographic study of gabapentin in transient insomnia induced by sleep phase advance.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the effects of single doses of gabapentin 250 and 500 mg on polysomnographic (PSG) and participant-reported sleep measures in a 5-h phase advance insomnia model.

Methods: Adults reporting occasional disturbed sleep received gabapentin 500 mg (n = 125), 250 mg (n = 125), or placebo (n = 127) 30 min prior to bedtime and were in bed from 17:00 to 01:00, ∼5 h before their habitual bedtime. Sleep was assessed by PSG, post-sleep questionnaire, and the Karolinska Sleep Diary (KSD).

Eszopiclone for insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of eszopiclone compared with placebo in children and adolescents with insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated efficacy and safety of high- or low-dose eszopiclone (1 or 2 mg in children aged 6-11 years, 2 or 3 mg in children ages 12-17 years), given every evening, in 486 patients with ADHD-related insomnia. The primary efficacy variable was change in latency to persistent sleep from baseline to week 12, based on polysomnography.

A multicenter evaluation of oral pressure therapy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of a novel noninvasive oral pressure therapy (OPT) (Winx®, ApniCure) system on polysomnographic measures of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep architecture, and sleep stability in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Subjects And Methods: A 4-week, multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized, crossover, first-night order of control vs treatment, single-arm trial was conducted in five American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) - accredited sleep clinics and one research laboratory. Sixty-three subjects (analysis cohort) were studied from a screening cohort of 367 subjects.

The etiology of pneumoperitoneum in the 21st century.

Background: We sought to determine the origin of free intraperitoneal air in this era of diminishing prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and imaging studies. In addition, we attempted to stratify the origin of free air by the size of the air collection.

Methods: We queried our hospital database for "pneumoperitoneum" from 2005 to 2007 and for proven gastrointestinal perforation from 2000 to 2007.

Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study.

Objective: To assess the effect of pregabalin on polysomnographic (PSG) measures of sleep and patient-rated sleep, tiredness, and pain in fibromyalgia patients.

Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover PSG study. Patients ages ≥18 years with fibromyalgia satisfied subjective and objective sleep disturbance criteria prior to randomization.

Tasimelteon for insomnia.

Introduction: Insomnia is a prevalent disorder with nearly 50% of the US adult population reporting insomnia symptoms during the past year and 10 - 15% reporting chronic insomnia. In addition, insomnia is a frequent comorbidity with depression, anxiety and pain, as well as other medical and psychiatric disorders. Tasimelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of armodafinil for excessive sleepiness in patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid depression.

Objective: Treatment of excessive sleepiness in the context of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be particularly difficult in those with depression because depression and/or antidepressant medications may cause sleepiness and fatigue in addition to that due to the OSA. This study evaluating armodafinil, a nonamphetamine wakefulness-promoting medication, is the first trial for treatment of excessive sleepiness in patients with treated OSA and comorbid depression.

Method: Men and women with OSA diagnosed using International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria being treated with continuous positive airway pressure and comorbid major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were enrolled into a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study between September 2007 and March 2009 at 60 outpatient sites.

Effect of gaboxadol on sleep in adult and elderly patients with primary insomnia: results from two randomized, placebo-controlled, 30-night polysomnography studies.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gaboxadol in the treatment of adult and elderly patients with primary insomnia.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, 30-night, polysomnography studies.

Setting: Sleep laboratory.

Low-dose sublingual zolpidem tartrate is associated with dose-related improvement in sleep onset and duration in insomnia characterized by middle-of-the-night (MOTN) awakenings.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose, sublingual zolpidem tartrate when taken during a scheduled middle-of-the-night (MOTN) awakening in subjects with insomnia characterized by difficulty returning to sleep following MOTN awakenings.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study.

Methods: Each treatment period consisted of 2 consecutive nights of dosing separated by a washout of 5 to 12 days.

Armodafinil: a new treatment for excessive sleepiness.

Background: Armodafinil is a wake-promoting agent developed by Cephalon that was approved in mid-2007 for the treatment of excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea and shift work disorder. It is the R-enantiomer of the compound modafinil. Like modafinil, the mechanism of action for armodafinil is not fully characterized.

Efficacy and tolerability of indiplon in transient insomnia.

Objective: The efficacy of indiplon was evaluated by polysomnography (PSG) in an experimental model of transient insomnia consisting of the first night effect combined with a 2-hour phase advance.

Methods: Healthy volunteers age 21-64 years (N=593; 62% female; mean +/- SEM) years, 32 +/- 0.39) were randomized to double-blind treatment with a single nighttime dose of indiplon (10 mg or 20 mg) or placebo.