FcRn inhibitors: Transformative advances and significant impacts on IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases.

Pathogenic IgG autoantibodies play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and removal of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies is an important therapeutic approach and tool for such diseases. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) interacts with IgG and protects it from lysosomal degradation. FcRn inhibitors accelerate the clearance of IgG antibodies, including pathogenic IgG autoantibodies, by targeting and blocking the binding of FcRn to IgG.

Evaluating nomogram models for predicting survival outcomes in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors with SEER database analysis.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) predominantly develop in the stomach. While nomogram offer tremendous therapeutic promise, there is yet no ideal nomogram comparison customized specifically for handling categorical data and model selection related gastric GISTs. (1) We selected 5463 patients with gastric GISTs from the SEER Research Plus database spanning from 2000 to 2020; (2) We proposed an advanced missing data imputation algorithm specifically designed for categorical variables; (3) We constructed five Cox nomogram models, each employing distinct methods for the selection and modeling of categorical variables, including Cox (Two-Stage), Lasso-Cox, Ridge-Cox, Elastic Net-Cox, and Cox With Lasso; (4) We conducted a comprehensive comparison of both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) tasks at six different time points; (5) To ensure robustness, we performed 50 randomized splits for each task, maintaining a 7:3 ratio between the training and test cohorts with no discernible statistical differences.

Assessing the impact of novel risk loci on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in a Chinese Han cohort.

Background: Overwhelming evidence points to that genetic factors contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) has come a long way in the last decade. So far, a large number of GWAS studies have been published on neurological diseases and many other diseases, providing us with a wealth of genetic information and unique biological insights.

Plasma neurofilament light as a promising biomarker in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder lacking reliable biomarkers. This study investigates plasma protein levels as potential biomarkers of disease severity and progression in NIID. In this study, we enrolled 30 NIID patients and 36 age- and sex-matched controls, following them for 1-2 years.

Predictors of Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury: Experience at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Inner Mongolia, China.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is 1 of the leading causes of death in all age groups globally. Understanding TBI causative factors and early interventions that may result in poor outcomes plays an important role in decreasing the mortality and disability associated with TBI.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we collected electronic case data from patients with TBI who visited our hospital between 2018 and 2022.

EEG Power Spectral Density in NREM Sleep is Associated with the Degree of Hypoxia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder. Research conducted on patients with OSA using electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed a noticeable shift in the overnight polysomnography (PSG) power spectrum. To better quantify the effects of OSA on brain function and to identify the most reliable predictors of pathological cortical activation, this study quantified the PSG power and its association with the degree of hypoxia in OSA patients.

A comprehensive study of clinicopathological and genetic features of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease.

Background: The discovery of skin intranuclear inclusions and GGC repeat expansion of NOTCH2NLC has greatly promoted the diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). With highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, NIID patients tend to be underdiagnosed at early stages.

Methods: This study comprehensively studied clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and peripheral nerve conduction in 24 NIID and 166 other neurodegenerative disease (ND) subjects.

Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio: A Good Parameter for the Evaluation of the Severity of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis at Admission and Prediction of Short-Term Prognosis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) with the severity at admission and discharge (short-term prognosis) in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.

Methods: Multivariable logistic regression models such as NPAR were constructed based on univariable regression results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomograms, and concordance index (c-index) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the models in assessing disease severity at admission and predicting short-term prognosis, validated by bootstrap, Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.

Systemic Inflammation Index Values Are Associated With Worsened Disease Severity and Poor Response to Autoimmune Encephalitis Treatment.

Both specific and innate immune responses play important roles in autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We aimed to explore the predictive value of the systemic inflammation index (SII) at admission as a peripheral biomarker of treatment response of AE. A total of 146 patients diagnosed with AE in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2018 to September 22, 2020 were retrospectively and consecutively analyzed as per the inclusion criteria and divided into two groups according to their response to immunotherapy after 30 days.

Research on the Glial-Lymphatic System and Its Relationship With Alzheimer's Disease.

Metabolic waste clearance is essential to maintain body homeostasis, in which the lymphatic system plays a vital role. Conversely, in recent years, studies have identified the glial-lymphatic system in the brain, which primarily comprises the inflow of fluid along the para-arterial space. Aquaporin-4 mediates the convection of interstitial fluid in the brain and outflow along the paravenous space.

Peripheral synucleinopathy in Parkinson disease with LRRK2 G2385R variants.

Objective: Recent studies demonstrated cutaneous phosphorylated α synuclein (p-syn) deposition in idiopathic and some monogenetic Parkinson disease (PD) patients, suggesting synucleinopathy identical to that in the brain. Although the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg (G2385R) variant is a common PD risk factor in the Chinese population, the pathogenesis of PD with G2385R variant has not been reported. We investigated whether synucleinopathy and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) are associated with the G2385R variant.

Regulation of aquaporin 4 expression by lipoxin A4 in astrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

Aquaporin (AQP4) could be associated with inflammation, common in central nervous system diseases. We investigated the effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on the activation of astrocytes, AQP4 expression, and inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Astrocytes were cultured in vitro and changes in transcript and protein levels of AQP4, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and protein levels of P38 and phospho-P38 were determined.

Lipoxin A4 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced BV2 Microglial Activation and Differentiation via the Notch Signaling Pathway.

Inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases, and microglia plays an important role in the process. Activated microglia can differentiate into the pro-inflammatory, tissue-damaging M1 phenotype or the anti-inflammatory, tissue-repairing M2 phenotype. Regulating microglia differentiation, hence limiting a harmful response, might help improve the prognosis of inflammation-related nervous system diseases.

Mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 inhibits artery constriction and potently activates AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers CCCP and niclosamide inhibited artery constriction and the mechanism involved AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. BAM15 is a novel type of mitochondrial uncoupler. The aim of the present study is to identify the vasoactivity of BAM15 and characterize the BAM15-induced AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (A10 cells).

Research Progress in Understanding the Relationship Between Heme Oxygenase-1 and Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal acute cerebrovascular disease, with a high morbidity and mortality. Following ICH, erythrocytes release heme and several of its metabolites, thereby contributing to brain edema and secondary brain damage. Heme oxygenase is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is rapidly induced following acute brain injury.