GhVIM28, a negative regulator identified from VIM family genes, positively responds to salt stress in cotton.

The VIM (belonged to E3 ubiquitin ligase) gene family is crucial for plant growth, development, and stress responses, yet their role in salt stress remains unclear. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal localization, conserved motifs, gene structure, cis-acting elements, and gene expression patterns of the VIM gene family in four cotton varieties. Our findings reveal 29, 29, 17, and 14 members in Gossypium hirsutum (G.

Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium ATG8 family reveals the roles of GhATG8f responding to salt stress in cotton.

Comprehensive analysis of Gossypium ATG8 family indicates that GhATG8f could improve salt tolerance of cotton by increasing SOD, POD and CAT activity and proline accumulation. In plants, autophagy is regulated by several genes that play important roles in initiating and controlling the process. ATG8, functioning as a protein similar to ubiquitin, is involved in crucial tasks throughout the autophagosome formation process.

GhLCYε-3 characterized as a lycopene cyclase gene responding to drought stress in cotton.

Unlabelled: Drought stress significantly affects crop productivity. Carotenoids are essential photosynthetic pigment for plants, bacteria, and algae, with signaling and antioxidant functions. Lutein is a crucial branch product in the carotenoid synthesis pathway, which effectively improves the stress tolerance of higher plants.

Raffinose degradation-related gene was screened out responding to salinity stress through expression patterns of family genes.

A-galactosidases (AGALs), the oligosaccharide (RFO) catabolic genes of the raffinose family, play crucial roles in plant growth and development and in adversity stress. They can break down the non-reducing terminal galactose residues of glycolipids and sugar chains. In this study, the whole genome of AGALs was analyzed.

Analysis of the histidine kinase gene family and the role of GhHK8 in response to drought tolerance in cotton.

As an important member of the two-component system (TCS), histidine kinases (HKs) play important roles in various plant developmental processes and signal transduction in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, the HK gene family has not been investigated in Gossypium. In this study, a total of 177 HK gene family members were identified in cotton.

GhIMP10D, an inositol monophosphates family gene, enhances ascorbic acid and antioxidant enzyme activities to confer alkaline tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Background: Inositol monophosphates (IMP) are key enzymes in the ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis pathways, which play vital roles in regulating plant growth and development and stresses tolerance. To date, no comprehensive analysis of the expression profile of IMP genes and their functions under abiotic stress in cotton has been reported.

Results: In this study, the genetic characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, cis-acting elements and expression patterns of IMP gene family in cotton were systematically analyzed.

Melatonin receptor, GhCAND2-D5 motivated responding to NaCl signaling in cotton.

As a receptor for plant melatonin, CAND2/PMTR plays an important role in melatonin signaling. Most of the CANDs are membrane proteins and play indispensable roles in signal transduction. In this study, the CANDs from four cotton species were characterized, and the phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns, stress responses of cotton CANDs were analyzed by bioinformatics.

GhCYS2 governs the tolerance against cadmium stress by regulating cell viability and photosynthesis in cotton.

Cysteine, an early sulfur-containing compound in plants, is of significant importance in sulfur metabolism. CYS encodes cysteine synthetase that further catalyzes cysteine synthesis. In this investigation, CYS genes, identified from genome-wide analysis of Gossypium hirsutum bioinformatically, led to the discovery of GhCYS2 as the pivotal gene responsible for Cd response.

Characterization and gene expression patterns analysis implies BSK family genes respond to salinity stress in cotton.

Identification, evolution, and expression patterns of BSK (BR signaling kinase) family genes revealed that BSKs participated in the response of cotton to abiotic stress and maintained the growth of cotton in extreme environment. The steroidal hormone brassinosteroids (BR) play important roles in different plant biological processes. This study focused on BSK which were downstream regulatory element of BR, in order to help to decipher the functions of BSKs genes from cotton on growth development and responses to abiotic stresses and lean the evolutionary relationship of cotton BSKs.

Changes in terpene biosynthesis and submergence tolerance in cotton.

Background: Flooding is among the most severe abiotic stresses in plant growth and development. The mechanism of submergence tolerance of cotton in response to submergence stress is unknown.

Results: The transcriptome results showed that a total of 6,893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered under submergence stress.

Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate key salt-responsive biomarkers to regulate salt tolerance in cotton.

Background: Cotton is an important industrial crop and a pioneer crop for saline-alkali land restoration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the cotton response to salt is not completely understood.

Methods: Here, we used metabolome data and transcriptome data to analyze the salt tolerance regulatory network of cotton and metabolic biomarkers.

Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium 2ODD superfamily highlight the roles of GhLDOXs responding to alkali and other abiotic stress in cotton.

Background: 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) is the second largest family of oxidases involved in various oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in plants. Many members in the family regulate gene transcription, nucleic acid modification/repair and secondary metabolic synthesis. The 2ODD family genes also function in the formation of abundant flavonoids during anthocyanin synthesis, thereby modulating plant development and response to diverse stresses.

GhAAO2 was observed responding to NaHCO stress in cotton compared to AAO family genes.

Background: Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important stress hormone, the changes of abscisic acid content can alter plant tolerance to stress, abscisic acid is crucial for studying plant responses to abiotic stress. The abscisic acid aldehyde oxidase (AAO) plays a vital role in the final step in the synthesis of abscisic acid, therefore, understanding the function of AAO gene family is of great significance for plants to response to abiotic stresses.

Result: In this study, 6, 8, 4 and 4 AAO genes were identified in four cotton species.

Systematic analysis of Histidine photosphoto transfer gene family in cotton and functional characterization in response to salt and around tolerance.

Background: Phosphorylation regulated by the two-component system (TCS) is a very important approach signal transduction in most of living organisms. Histidine phosphotransfer (HP) is one of the important members of the TCS system. Members of the HP gene family have implications in plant stresses tolerance and have been deeply studied in several crops.

Systematical Characterization of the Cotton Gene Family and the Role of and as Two Negative Regulators in Response to Salt Stress.

Drought-induced 19 (Di19) protein is a Cys2/His2 (C2H2) type zinc-finger protein, which plays a crucial role in plant development and in response to abiotic stress. This study systematically investigated the characteristics of the gene family, including the member number, gene structure, chromosomal distribution, promoter cis-elements, and expression profiles. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that some were up-regulated under heat and salt stress.

Genome-wide identification, evolution and function analysis of superfamily in cotton.

Glycosyltransferases mainly catalyse the glycosylation reaction in living organisms and widely exists in plants. have been identified from , and . However, Genome-wide systematic analysis of superfamily have not been studied in .

Genome-wide identification of GAD family genes suggests functionally respond to Cd stress in cotton.

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) mainly regulated the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and played an important role in plant growth and stress resistance. To explore the potential function of GAD in cotton growth, the genome-wide identification, structure, and expression analysis of GAD genes were performed in this study. There were 10, 9, 5, and 5 GAD genes identified in , , , and , respectively.

Comprehensive genomic characterization of cotton cationic amino acid transporter genes reveals that GhCAT10D regulates salt tolerance.

Background: The cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) play indispensable roles in maintaining metabolic functions, such as synthesis of proteins and nitric oxide (NO), biosynthesis of polyamine, and flow of amino acids, by mediating the bidirectional transport of cationic amino acids in plant cells.

Results: In this study, we performed a genome-wide and comprehensive study of 79 CAT genes in four species of cotton. Localization of genes revealed that CAT genes reside on the plasma membrane.

Structure and character analysis of cotton response regulator genes family reveals that GhRR7 responses to draught stress.

Background: Cytokinin signal transduction is mediated by a two-component system (TCS). Two-component systems are utilized in plant responses to hormones as well as to biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli. In plants, response regulatory genes (RRs) are one of the main members of the two-component system (TCS).

Secondary metabolite pathway of SDG (secoisolariciresinol) was observed to trigger ROS scavenging system in response to Ca stress in cotton.

Ca is an essential nutrient for plants and animals which plays an important role in plant signal transduction. Although the function and regulation of mechanism of Ca in alleviating various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants have been studied deeply, the molecular mechanism to adapt high Ca stress is still unclear in cotton. In this study, 103 cotton accessions were germinated under 200 mM CaCl stress, and two extremely Ca-resistant (Zhong 9807, R) and Ca-sensitive (CRI 50, S) genotypes were selected from 103 cotton accessions.

A high-quality assembled genome and its comparative analysis decode the adaptive molecular mechanism of the number one Chinese cotton variety CRI-12.

Background: Gossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely cultivated cotton species, and a high-quality reference genome would be a huge boost for researching the molecular mechanism of agronomic traits in cotton.

Findings: Here, Pacific Biosciences and Hi-C sequencing technologies were used to assemble a new upland cotton genome of the No.

Identification of SNAT Family Genes Suggests Functional Reponse to Melatonin Synthesis Under Salinity Stress in Cotton.

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melatonin, and plays an important role in the regulation of melatonin synthesis. The study of SNAT is of great significance to understand the function of melatonin. In this study, we analyzed the structural characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, expression pattern, evolutionary relationship and stress response of the members of the SNAT gene family in upland cotton through bioinformatics.

Molecular structures and functional exploration of NDA family genes respond tolerant to alkaline stress in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Background: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress.

Methods: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family.

Results: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G.