Introduction of surgical site surveillance post transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy and the impact on infection rates.

Background: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is associated with infection rates between 0.3 % and 3.2%.

Establishment of sentinel surveillance of human clinical campylobacteriosis in Ireland.

The aim of this work was the establishment of a national laboratory sentinel surveillance service for human clinical Campylobacter in Ireland. This included detailed genomic molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter for 2019. For February-December 2019, 24 clinical microbiology laboratories in Ireland submitted all PCR/culture-positive clinical Campylobacter spp.

Contact Radius and the Insulator-Metal Transition in Films Comprised of Touching Semiconductor Nanocrystals.

Nanocrystal assemblies are being explored for a number of optoelectronic applications such as transparent conductors, photovoltaic solar cells, and electrochromic windows. Majority carrier transport is important for these applications, yet it remains relatively poorly understood in films comprised of touching nanocrystals. Specifically, the underlying structural parameters expected to determine the transport mechanism have not been fully elucidated.

Comparison of patients' assessment of urinary flow strength with uroflowmetry.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare patients' self-assessment of urinary flow strength with uroflowmetry.

Methods: The study was set in the routine uroflow clinic of the urology department. All patients had symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction.

Retroperitoneal surgery: its wider role in the management of malignant teratoma.

Objective: To review the results of the use of laparotomy to excise retroperitoneal metastases in patients with malignant teratoma of the testis.

Patients And Methods: The results of surgery for retroperitoneal teratoma metastases in 37 patients during the 5-year period from 1988 to 1993 were reviewed. Information on sexual dysfunction was obtained using a postal questionnaire.

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in an adult.

An adult case of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney is described. The clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical features of the tumour are described.

Postoperative computed tomography scan study of the pterygomaxillary separation during the Le Fort I osteotomy using a micro-oscillating saw.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate the type of pterygomaxillary separation that occurs with use of a micro-oscillating saw.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen patients underwent a postoperative computed tomography scan.

Results: Ideal or near-ideal separations occurred on 26 of 32 sides (81%), while low-level fractures occurred in 6 of 32 sides (19%).

A comparative analysis of grading systems in renal adenocarcinoma.

While the histological grade of a renal cell carcinoma is of prognostic significance there is poor concordance amongst pathologists in the use of these grading systems. Many grading systems have been described, but none has achieved widespread acceptance. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of interobserver variation amongst four experienced pathologists in their use of four commonly applied grading systems.

Endosonographic monitoring of transurethral cryoprostatectomy.

Cryoprostatectomy, the use of subzero temperatures to ablate prostate tissue gained favour in the 1960s because of its speed and lack of haemodynamic effects. It fell from use because the freezing process could not be monitored and this led to a high incidence of local complications. We have performed transrectal real time ultrasound in 12 patients undergoing cryoprostatectomy.

A modified papaverine test and the use of venous constriction in erectile dysfunction.

A simple technique employing a penoscrotal tourniquet in the investigation and management of impotence due to venous leakage is described. Fifteen patients were investigated using a constriction band and intracorporeal injection of papaverine. Colour doppler ultrasound studies demonstrated that the tourniquet abolished venous leakage in 11 cases and there was a close correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic findings.

c-myc expression in renal carcinoma: correlation with clinical parameters.

There is evidence that c-myc is expressed in renal carcinomas and that it is associated with histological grade. This study reports on the clinical correlations of oncogene expression and clinical features of the disease. Tissue sections from 97 patients (95 primary and 12 secondary cancers) were immunostained with a c-myc oncoprotein antibody.

Alternative approaches to pterygomaxillary separation.

Pterygoid plate fractures, resulting from the pterygomaxillary separation in a Le Fort I osteotomy, may be associated with untoward fractures that extend to the base of the skull and orbit and which can lead to rare but significant complications. Five alternative approaches to the pterygomaxillary dysjunction were studied in 50 fresh cadavers. The results of this study show that the use of a curved Obwegeser osteotome to achieve the pterygomaxillary dysjunction should be abandoned, as it leads to an unacceptably high incidence of high-level pterygoid plate fractures at, or near, the base of the skull.

A feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma presenting with gynaecomastia.

A case is presented in which gynaecomastia was the sole initial presenting symptom of a feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma. This rare pathological lesion is discussed.

Ophthalmic complications associated with orthognathic surgery.

Ophthalmic complications are rare following maxillary osteotomies. Potential complications include a decrease in visual acuity, extraocular muscle dysfunction, neuroparalytic keratitis, and nasolacrimal problems involving both an increase or a decrease in tearing. Ophthalmic injuries appear to be primarily mediated through indirect injuries to neurovascular structures occurring from traction, compression, or contrecoup injuries from forces transmitted during the pterygomaxillary dysjunction using an osteotome or from fractures extending to the base of the skull or orbit associated with the pterygomaxillary dysjunction or the maxillary downfracture.

Pharmacological manipulation of acute cyclosporin ischemic renal injury with trimetazidine.

Cyclosporin has had a major impact on organ transplantation, but associated nephrotoxicity is a significant problem. Renal hypothermia, a known anti-ischemic maneuver, limits cyclosporin-ischemic renal failure. Pharmacological manipulation with an anti-ischemic agent, such as trimetazidine, may prevent cyclosporin nephrotoxicity.

Comparison of flow and static image cytometry in the determination of ploidy.

Aims: To compare the efficiency of flow cytometry and computed image cytometry; and to see if a reliable set of guidelines regarding interpretation of histograms could be drawn up.

Methods: The two methods were applied to a series of 111 formalin fixed renal cell carcinomas. Data generated by both methods were compared.

Ploidy and prognosis in renal carcinoma.

The value of tumour ploidy status as a prognostic indicator in renal carcinoma is disputed. In this retrospective study the DNA content of 90 primary and 10 secondary renal cell carcinomas was measured using flow cytometry. Data on recurrence and survival were available in all cases.