Generation of allogenic chimera carrying mutations in PDX1 and TP53 genes via phytohemagglutinin-mediated blastomere aggregation in pigs.

The generation of genetically engineered pig models that develop pancreas-specific tumors has the potential to advance studies and our understanding of pancreatic cancer in humans. TP53 mutation causes organ-nonspecific cancers, and PDX1-knockout results in the loss of pancreas development. The aim of the present study was to generate a PDX1-knockout pig chimera carrying pancreas complemented by TP53 mutant cells via phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-mediated blastomere aggregation using PDX1 and TP53 mutant blastomeres, as a pig model for developing tumors in the pancreas with high frequency.

The Effects of an Oocyte Maturation System and Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation during Embryo Culture on the Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos Derived from Native Vietnamese Ban Pigs.

The aim of this study was to improve the production efficiency of Vietnamese native Ban pig embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Fibroblast cells from Ban pigs were injected into the enucleated cytoplasts of crossbred gilts, and the reconstructed embryos were subsequently cultured. In the first experiment, cytoplasts were isolated from oocytes matured in either a defined porcine oocyte medium (POM) or in TCM199 medium supplemented with porcine follicular fluid.

GHR-mutant pig derived from domestic pig and microminipig hybrid zygotes using CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Background: Pigs are excellent large animal models with several similarities to humans. They provide valuable insights into biomedical research that are otherwise difficult to obtain from rodent models. However, even if miniature pig strains are used, their large stature compared with other experimental animals requires a specific maintenance facility which greatly limits their usage as animal models.

Pigs with an point mutation derived from zygotes electroporated with CRISPR/Cas9 and ssODN.

Just one amino acid at the carboxy-terminus of the B chain distinguishes human insulin from porcine insulin. By introducing a precise point mutation into the porcine () gene, we were able to generate genetically modified pigs that secreted human insulin; these pigs may be suitable donors for islet xenotransplantation. The electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system into zygotes is frequently used to establish genetically modified rodents, as it requires less time and no micromanipulation.

Multiple gene editing in porcine embryos using a combination of microinjection, electroporation, and transfection methods.

Background And Aim: Mosaicism - the presence of both wild-type and mutant alleles - is a serious problem for zygotic gene modification through gene editing using the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Different delivery methods, such as microinjection (MI), electroporation (EP), and transfection (TF), can be used to transfer CRISPR/Cas9 components into porcine zygotes. This study aimed to develop a method that combines MI, EP, and TF to improve mutation efficiency mediated through the CRISPR/Cas9 system for a triple-gene knockout in pigs.

Gene editing in porcine embryos using a combination of electroporation and transfection methods.

CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology is growing rapidly and has been greatly influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of genetic modifications in different applications. One aspect of research gaining importance in the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the introduction of CRISPR materials into target organisms. Although we previously demonstrated the efficacy of electroporation- and lipofection-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption in porcine zygotes, we still believe that the efficiency of this system could be improved by combining these two methods.

Triple gene editing in porcine embryos using electroporation alone or in combination with microinjection.

Background And Aim: We previously developed the gene-editing by electroporation (EP) of Cas9 protein method, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system was introduced into porcine fertilized (IVF) zygotes through EP to disrupt a target gene. This method should be further developed, and a combination of EP and MI methods should be evaluated in pigs. This study aimed to determine that a combination of microinjection (MI) and EP of CRISPR/Cas9 system could increase the rates of biallelic mutation for triple-gene knockout in porcine blastocysts.

Presence of chlorogenic acid during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from the negative effects of heat stress.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to protect oocytes from oxidative stress. Here we investigated the effects of CGA on porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation. For in vitro maturation (IVM) at 41.

Effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation during in vitro maturation culture on the development and quality of porcine embryos with electroporation treatment after in vitro fertilization.

Electroporation is the technique of choice to introduce an exogenous gene into embryos for transgenic animal production. Although this technique is practical and effective, embryonic damage caused by electroporation treatment remains a major problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the optimal culture system for electroporation-treated porcine embryos by supplementation of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a potent antioxidant, during in vitro oocyte maturation.

Somatic cell reprogramming-free generation of genetically modified pigs.

Genetically modified pigs for biomedical applications have been mainly generated using the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique; however, this approach requires complex micromanipulation techniques and sometimes increases the risks of both prenatal and postnatal death by faulty epigenetic reprogramming of a donor somatic cell nucleus. As a result, the production of genetically modified pigs has not been widely applied. We provide a simple method for CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing in pigs that involves the introduction of Cas9 protein and single-guide RNA into in vitro fertilized zygotes by electroporation.

Epigenetic modulation on cat-cow interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by treatment with trichostatin A.

This study aimed to determine the acetylation at lysine 9/18/23 of histone H3 (H3K9ac/H3K18ac/H3K23ac; H3K9/18/23 ac) and the di-methylation at lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me2) during early embryogenesis among trichostatin A (TSA)-treated interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) cat-cow (TSA-iSCNT) embryos, TSA-untreated iSCNT cat-cow control (control) embryos and bovine in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos, because TSA-iSCNT embryos can develop to blastocysts. Compared to the control embryos, higher expressions of H3K9/18/23 ac were observed in TSA-iSCNT embryos and IVF embryos at most following stages (2 h post-fusion / post-insemination (PF/PI) to eight-cell stage). At 6 h PF/PI the expression of H3K9/23 ac in TSA-iSCNT embryos and IVF embryos were lower than those in control embryos, and the expression of H3K18ac was no difference among the three groups.

The optimal period of Ca-EDTA treatment for parthenogenetic activation of porcine oocytes during maturation culture.

The changes triggered by sperm-induced activation of oocytes, which are required for normal oocyte development, can be mediated by other agents, thereby inducing the parthenogenesis. In this study, we exposed porcine oocytes to 1 mM Ca-EDTA, a metal-ion chelator, at various intervals during 48 hr of in vitro maturation to determine the optimum period of Ca-EDTA treatment for parthenogenetic activation. When the oocytes were cultured with or without Ca-EDTA from 36 hr (post-12), 24 hr (post-24), 12 hr (post-36) and 0 hr (post-48) after the start of maturation culture, the blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher (P<0.

Formation of an Antral Follicle-Like Structure by Bovine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes Embedded with Fragmin/Protamine Microparticles.

Fragmin/protamine microparticles (F/P MPs) approximately 0.5-1 µM in diameter were prepared by the simple mixing of fragmin with protamine. This study investigated the effects of F/P MP-containing collagen gels as a hormone carrier on the formation of antral follicle-like structures and on the development of growing bovine oocytes.

Astaxanthin present in the maturation medium reduces negative effects of heat shock on the developmental competence of porcine oocytes.

Astaxanthin, one of the most common carotenoids, elicits antioxidant effects on cellular viability and embryonic development. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of astaxanthin on maturation, fertilization and development of porcine oocytes matured in vitro under heat stress conditions, and then fertilized and cultured under standard conditions. Porcine oocytes were cultured in maturation medium supplemented with different concentrations of astaxanthin (0, 0.

In vitro development of OPU-derived bovine embryos cultured either individually or in groups with the silk protein sericin and the viability of frozen-thawed embryos after transfer.

The optimization of single-embryo culture conditions is very important, particularly in the in vitro production of bovine embryos using the ovum pick-up (OPU) procedure. The purpose of this study was to examine the development of embryos derived from oocytes obtained by OPU that were cultured either individually or in groups in medium supplemented with or without sericin and to investigate the viability of the frozen-thawed embryos after a direct transfer. When two-cell-stage embryos were cultured either individually or in groups for 7 days in CR1aa medium supplemented with or without 0.

Nuclear status and DNA fragmentation of oocytes from porcine, bovine and feline ovaries stored at 4 degrees C for 5 days.

Background: The cooling of mammalian oocytes to sub-physiological temperatures is widely known to affect their viability through the induction of various abnormalities at all stages of meiosis.

Objective: This study was to compare the kinetics of nuclear status and oocyte damage in porcine, bovine and feline ovaries stored at 4 degrees C for 5 days.

Methods: The nuclear status and oocyte quality during storage were evaluated before and after maturation culture.

Effects of green tea polyphenol on the quality of canine semen after long-term storage at 5°C.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of green tea polyphenol on the quality of canine semen after long-term storage at 5°C. The supplementation of a Tris-egg yolk extender with polyphenol (0.5, 0.

Cryopreservation for bovine embryos in serum-free freezing medium containing silk protein sericin.

Because the use of serum in the embryo cryopreservation increases the probability of animal health problems such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and viral infections, this study was conducted to examine the effects of sericin supplementation for serum-free freezing medium on the survival and development of bovine embryos after freezing-thawing and direct transfer to recipients. When in vitro-produced bovine embryos were frozen conventionally in the freezing medium supplemented with various concentrations (0.1%, 0.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor improves the development and acetylation levels of cat-cow interspecies cloned embryos.

Abnormal epigenetic reprogramming, such as histone acetylation, might cause low efficiency of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on the developmental competence and histone acetylation of iSCNT embryos reconstructed from cat somatic cells and bovine cytoplasm. The iSCNT cat and parthenogenetic bovine embryos were treated with various concentrations of TSA (0, 25, 50, or 100 nM) for 24 h, respectively, following fusion and activation.

The effect of relaxin supplementation of in vitro maturation medium on the development of cat oocytes obtained from ovaries stored at 4°C.

Relaxin is a member of the insulin-like family of hormones that promotes growth in a number of reproductive tissues, including the granulosa and theca cells. Cat oocytes collected from cold-stored ovaries remain capable of maturing in vitro, but the developmental ability of the oocytes decreases after 24h of cold storage. To improve the developmental ability of cat oocytes from cold-stored ovaries, we investigated the effect of relaxin supplementation of maturation medium on their meiotic ability and subsequent development.