Plant-Based Diets and Disease Progression in Men With Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Plant-based diets are associated with many health and environmental benefits, including primary prevention of fatal prostate cancer, but less is known about postdiagnostic plant-based diet patterns in individuals with prostate cancer.

Objective: To examine whether postdiagnostic plant-based dietary patterns are associated with risk of prostate cancer progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal observational cohort study included men with biopsy-proven nonmetastatic prostate cancer (stage ≤T3a) from the diet and lifestyle substudy within the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) enrolled at 43 urology practices across the US from 1999 to 2018.

Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores and risk of prostate cancer progression and mortality.

Background: Individual behaviours are associated with prostate cancer (PC) progression. Behavioural scores, comprised of multiple risk factors, allow assessment of the combined impact of multiple behaviours.

Methods: We examined the association between six a priori scores and risk of PC progression and mortality among 2156 men with PC in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) cohort: two scores developed based on the PC survivorship literature ('2021 Score [+ Diet]'); a score developed based on pre-diagnostic PC literature ('2015 Score'); and three scores based on US recommendations for cancer prevention ('WCRF/AICR Score') and survival ('ACS Score [+ Alcohol]').

Quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors participating in a pilot randomized controlled trial of a web-based dietary intervention with text messages.

Purpose: We aimed to estimate the effect of a 12-week web-based dietary intervention with text messages on quality of life (QoL) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Methods: Between 2017 and 2018, 50 CRC survivors were randomized (1:1) to receive a 12-week web-based dietary intervention with daily text messages or wait-list control. Health-related QoL was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and colorectal quality of life module (QLQ-CR29) at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks.

Quality of life for men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer participating in an aerobic and resistance exercise pilot intervention.

Background: Following a prostate cancer diagnosis, disease and treatment-related symptoms may result in diminished quality of life (QoL). Whether exercise improves QoL in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is not fully understood.

Methods: We conducted a 3-arm pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and efficacy of a 12-week remotely monitored exercise program among men with mCRPC.

Post-diagnostic health behaviour scores in relation to fatal prostate cancer.

Background: Individual health behaviours have been associated with fatal prostate cancer (PCa). Their combined association with fatal PCa after diagnosis is unknown.

Methods: This prospective cohort included 4518 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic PCa from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

mHealth Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity among Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

: Technology-based interventions are increasingly used to improve physical activity (PA) and diet. : We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to August 2021 that tested mobile health (mHealth) PA and/or dietary interventions among cancer survivors and reported on the feasibility, satisfaction, behavioral change, and/or quality of life (QOL) outcomes. : In total, 61 articles were identified on PubMed, and 23 of those met the inclusion criteria.

Postdiagnostic Inflammatory, Hyperinsulinemic, and Insulin-Resistant Diets and Lifestyles and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression and Mortality.

Background: Inflammatory and insulin pathways have been linked to prostate cancer; postdiagnostic behaviors activating these pathways may lead to poor outcomes. The empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), and empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), and associated lifestyle indices (ELIH, ELIR) predict biomarkers of inflammation (EDIP: IL6, TNFaR2, CRP) and insulin secretion (EDIH/ELIH: c-peptide; EDIR/ELIR: TAG:HDL) from whole foods and behaviors.

Methods: Associations of these indices with time to prostate cancer progression (primary, n = 2,056) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM; secondary, n = 2,447) were estimated among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor cohort diet and lifestyle sub-study.

Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Survivors Participating in a Remotely Delivered Web-Based Behavioral Intervention Pilot Randomized Trial.

Background: Following a prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, treatment-related symptoms may result in diminished quality of life (QoL). Improved diet and increased exercise may improve QoL in men with PC.

Methods: We conducted a 4-arm pilot randomized trial to assess feasibility and acceptability of a 3-month web-based diet and exercise intervention, among men (>18 years of age) with PC (reported elsewhere).

Proteasome inhibition triggers the formation of TRAIL receptor 2 platforms for caspase-8 activation that accumulate in the cytosol.

Cancer cells that are resistant to Bax/Bak-dependent intrinsic apoptosis can be eliminated by proteasome inhibition. Here, we show that proteasome inhibition induces the formation of high molecular weight platforms in the cytosol that serve to activate caspase-8. The activation complexes contain Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1).

Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption and risk of prostate cancer progression by smoking history.

Purpose: Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption and prostate cancer progression is understudied.

Methods: We examined 1,557 men from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor who completed a food frequency questionnaire a median of 28 months post-diagnosis. We estimated associations between post-diagnostic coffee (total, caffeinated, decaffeinated) and tea (total, non-herbal, herbal) and risk of prostate cancer progression (recurrence, secondary treatment, bone metastases, or prostate cancer death) using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Post-Diagnostic Dietary and Lifestyle Factors and Prostate Cancer Recurrence, Progression, and Mortality.

Purpose Of Review: This study aimed to summarize evidence published between 1999 and June 2020 examining diet and lifestyle after prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis in relation to risk of biochemical recurrence, PC progression, and PC-specific mortality.

Recent Findings: Secondary prevention is an important research area in cancer survivorship. A growing number of studies have reported associations between post-diagnostic modifiable behaviors and risk of PC outcomes.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Remotely Delivered, Web-Based Behavioral Intervention for Men With Prostate Cancer: Four-Arm Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Diet and exercise may be associated with quality of life and survival in men with prostate cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a remotely delivered web-based behavioral intervention among men with prostate cancer.

Methods: We conducted a multi-site 4-arm pilot randomized controlled trial of a 3-month intervention (TrueNTH Community of Wellness).

Web-Based Lifestyle Interventions for Prostate Cancer Survivors: Qualitative Study.

Background: Exercise and a healthy diet can improve the quality of life and prognosis of prostate cancer survivors, but there have been limited studies on the feasibility of web-based lifestyle interventions in this population.

Objective: This study aims to develop a data-driven grounded theory of web-based engagement by prostate cancer survivors based on their experience in the Community of Wellness, a 12-week randomized clinical trial designed to support healthy diet and exercise habits.

Methods: TrueNTH's Community of Wellness was a four-arm pilot study of men with prostate cancer (N=202) who received progressive levels of behavioral support (level 1: website; level 2: website with individualized diet and exercise recommendations; level 3: website with individualized diet and exercise recommendations, Fitbit, and text messages; and level 4: website with individualized diet and exercise recommendations, Fitbit and text messages, and separate phone calls with an exercise trainer and a registered dietitian).

eIF4A2 drives repression of translation at initiation by Ccr4-Not through purine-rich motifs in the 5'UTR.

Background: Regulation of the mRNA life cycle is central to gene expression control and determination of cell fate. miRNAs represent a critical mRNA regulatory mechanism, but despite decades of research, their mode of action is still not fully understood.

Results: Here, we show that eIF4A2 is a major effector of the repressive miRNA pathway functioning via the Ccr4-Not complex.

Obesity at Diagnosis and Prostate Cancer Prognosis and Recurrence Risk Following Primary Treatment by Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: The association of obesity at diagnosis with prostate cancer progression is uncertain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI; 18.5-<25, 25-<30, 30-<35, ≥35 kg/m) and prognostic risk at diagnosis, compare the concordance between prognostic risk assessed at diagnostic biopsy versus pathologic risk assessed at surgery across BMI categories, and investigate the association between obesity and prostate cancer recurrence and all-cause death.

DEAD-box helicase eIF4A2 inhibits CNOT7 deadenylation activity.

The CCR4-NOT complex plays an important role in the translational repression and deadenylation of mRNAs. However, little is known about the specific roles of interacting factors. We demonstrate that the DEAD-box helicases eIF4A2 and DDX6 interact directly with the MA3 and MIF domains of CNOT1 and compete for binding.

Negative Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma examination predicts successful nonoperative management in pediatric solid organ injury: A prospective Arizona-Texas-Oklahoma-Memphis-Arkansas + Consortium study.

Background: Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma (FAST) examination has long been proven useful in the management of adult trauma patients, however, its utility in pediatric trauma patients is not as proven. Our goal was to evaluate the utility of a FAST examination in predicting the success or failure of nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt liver and/or spleen (BLSI) in the pediatric trauma population.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospective observational study of patients younger than 18 years presenting with BLSI to one of ten Level I pediatric trauma centers between April 2013 and January 2016.

PAXX and its paralogs synergistically direct DNA polymerase λ activity in DNA repair.

PAXX is a recently identified component of the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. The molecular mechanisms of PAXX action remain largely unclear. Here we characterise the interactomes of PAXX and its paralogs, XLF and XRCC4, to show that these factors share the ability to interact with DNA polymerase λ (Pol λ), stimulate its activity and are required for recruitment of Pol λ to laser-induced DNA damage sites.

Short- and long-term gene expression profiles induced by inhaled TiO nanostructured aerosol in rat lung.

The number of workers potentially exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) during industrial processes is increasing, although the toxicological properties of these compounds still need to be fully characterized. As NPs may be aerosolized during industrial processes, inhalation represents their main route of occupational exposure. Here, the short- and long-term pulmonary toxicological properties of titanium dioxide were studied, using conventional and molecular toxicological approaches.

Car seat education: A randomized controlled trial of teaching methods.

Objective: To determine if a less labor-intensive video-based program for teaching car seat installation can be as effective as the traditional didactic lecture component.

Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial of caregivers seeking car seat education. Caregivers were assigned to didactic or video-based social learning classes.

Stationary Rossby waves dominate subduction of anthropogenic carbon in the Southern Ocean.

The Southern Ocean has taken up more than 40% of the total anthropogenic carbon (C) stored in the oceans since the preindustrial era, mainly in subantarctic mode and intermediate waters (SAMW-AAIW). However, the physical mechanisms responsible for the transfer of C into the ocean interior remain poorly understood. Here, we use high resolution (1/10°) ocean simulations to investigate these mechanisms at the SAMW-AAIW subduction hotspots.

Structures of Qβ virions, virus-like particles, and the Qβ-MurA complex reveal internal coat proteins and the mechanism of host lysis.

In single-stranded RNA bacteriophages (ssRNA phages) a single copy of the maturation protein binds the genomic RNA (gRNA) and is required for attachment of the phage to the host pilus. For the canonical Qβ the maturation protein, A, has an additional role as the lysis protein, by its ability to bind and inhibit MurA, which is involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Here, we determined structures of Qβ virions, virus-like particles, and the Qβ-MurA complex using single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, at 4.

Hypotension and the need for transfusion in pediatric blunt spleen and liver injury: An ATOMAC+ prospective study.

Purpose: Children with blunt liver or spleen injury (BLSI) requiring early transfusion may present without hypotension despite significant hypovolemia. This study sought to determine the relationship between early transfusion in pediatric BLSI and hypotension.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a 10-institution prospective observational study was performed of patients 18years and younger presenting with BLSI.

Failure of nonoperative management of pediatric blunt liver and spleen injuries: A prospective Arizona-Texas-Oklahoma-Memphis-Arkansas Consortium study.

Background: Nonoperative management (NOM) is standard of care for most pediatric blunt liver and spleen injuries (BLSI); only 5% of patients fail NOM in retrospective reports. No prospective studies examine failure of NOM of BLSI in children. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of failure of NOM in pediatric BLSI patients.