[Blue phlebitis with exo- and endo-caval filters: 5 case reports].

5 cases of phlegmatia caerula dolens have been observed after the fixation of a cava blocking. You will find below the characteristics of the case reports: Mean age of patients: 69.2, from 55 to 83.

[From venous ligation to vena cava filter. Objectives and hazards of vena cava interruption].

Starting from the use of venous ligatures (the first measure employed), methods for the prevention of pulmonary embolism have been perfected to arrive now at the endocaval insertion of permanent or temporary filters. Both in the materials used and the techniques employed, major progress has been made and incidents and accidents (thrombosis, migration, perforation of the venous wall) have become rarer. The efficacy of classical treatment methods (anticoagulants, early mobilisation, hemodilution, etc.

[Phlegmasia caerulea dolens . Acute venous stasis and ischemic phlebothrombosis].

On the basis of the data of the literature and of 25 personal cases, the problem of phlegmasia caerulea is contemplated in its whole. Grégoire made an outstanding description of the condition in 1938; it was related to an arterial spasm, but later works showed the importance of the venous block and the secondary character of the arterial involvement. A severe form of venous thrombosis, phlegmasia caerulea dolens often occurs in elderly patients (11/25 in our series) or in persons in a poor general condition.

[Painful manifestations of the sequelae of phlebitis].

Pain may be absent from the various manifestations making up a post-phlebitis syndrome but when it is present it varies considerably from one patient to another. Thus the very common feeling of heaviness, generally not painful, may be perceived as being painful by certain patients either because of the particular severity of the feeling or because of a low pain threshold in certain cases. Since no method for the objective measurement of pain exists, the assessment of this symptom and of its severity remains highly subjective, most often based upon statements by the patients.

[Lumbar sympathectomy for arteritis. A reliable and (almost) seventy year-old technique].

The old procedure of lumbar sympathectomy has long been the only chance of avoiding amputation for arteritic patients. Its field of application has shifted as reconstructive surgery and medical therapy made progress, and it is no longer the only solution and has more precise indications. Proper evaluation of its chances of success according to the individual situations allows establishing its potential and limitations.

[Pelvic venous stasis. Gynecologic impact. Is it possible to individualize gynecologic phlebology?].

Pelvic phlebography, principally phlebography via endo-uterine access, can reveal states of chronic venous stasis in gynecological disorders. The existence of such stasis is reflected by the presence of varicoceles and of utero-vaginal and pampiniform plexuses. In some cases, dilatation of the ovarian vein raises the question of primary valvular insufficiency of these veins.

[Distal hyperirrigation syndrome. Clinical and physiopathological aspects].

In this retrospective study, distal hyperirrigation syndrome was identified by "irrigraphy", a functional exploration method used to define an irrigation index at various levels of the lower limbs as determined by pulse wave amplitude, heart rare and segmental resistances. In 47 lower limbs studied, there were 26 unequivocal, 14 relative and 7 "masked" hyperirrigations. The main etiology was diabetes (24 limbs), but the syndrome was also noted in cases of peripheral neuropathy and chronic venous insufficiency.

[Aneurysm of the popliteal vein].

Aneurysms of the popliteal vein are rare. They often seem to be favored by parietal dysplasia, but this is not a consistent finding. From a clinical viewpoint, the lesion is often asymptomatic.

[Long-term heparinotherapy in the treatment of acute venous thromboses].

This is a retrospective analytical study of the results of prolonged heparin therapy: 4 to 6 days for calf phlebitis--10 days for phlebitis reaching the level of the inguinal ligament with in both cases subcutaneous heparin injections for a further 1 to 2 months. Monitoring venography was carried out and demonstrated evidence of a lytic effect on the clot but not in all cases. In 33 cases control venography demonstrated that 2 groups of patients could be distinguished.

[Detection of acute venous thromboses using plethysmography. Possibilities and limitations].

The combined use of careful clinical examination and venous occlusion plethysmography has good diagnostic reliability. The clinical examination provides an estimated percentage "clinical probability"; in the event of negativity, complementary plethysmography enables confirmation of a negative clinical diagnosis; positive plethysmography confirms a probable clinical diagnosis or establishes the probability of thrombosis in patients with poor clinical signs. Thus false negative or false positive cases may be easily eliminated.

[Sexual function and aortoiliac reconstructive surgery].

In this study of 52 patients aged between 32 and 60 years, maintenance or restoration of sexual function during aorto-iliac surgery represented a usually non-priority but certainly desirable objective. Aspects studied were: place of crossed bypass and of endarterectomy-type of aorto-prosthesis anastomosis: end-to-end or end-to-side - routine or non-routine reimplantation of a hypogastric artery. Results in this series showed a lack of advantage from the sexual point of view for end-to-side over end-to-end surgery; hypogastric reimplantation offers a supplementary guarantee of efficacy but should not be performed routinely; crossed bypass operations are certainly interesting solutions in young patients.