Interobserver variability of assessing body condition scores and muscle condition scores in a population of 43 active working explosive detection dogs.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between explosive detection dog (EDD) handlers and a team of veterinarians in assessing body condition score (BCS) and muscle condition score (MCS), hypothesizing significant BCS differences between handlers and veterinarians, and no significant MCS differences in healthy active duty EDDs.

Methods: This prospective study analyzed variance and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of agreement within BCS and MCS assessments collected from the 43 EDDs by four blinded graders; the EDDs' respective handler and three veterinarians with varying levels of veterinary expertise.

Results: The results of the study showed that 74.

Injection-seeded high-power Yb:YAG thin-disk laser stabilized by the Pound-Drever-Hall method.

We demonstrate an injection-seeded thin-disk Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm, stabilized by the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method. We modified the PDH scheme to obtain an error signal free from Trojan locking points, which allowed robust re-locking of the laser and reliable long-term operation. The single-frequency pulses have 50 mJ energy (limited to avoid laser-induced damage) with a beam quality of M < 1.

Ground reaction forces, temporospatial parameters, range of motion, and limb characteristics were analyzed for small and medium size sound dogs with the use of pressure sensitive walkway.

Objective: To study ground reaction forces (GRF) and temporospatial parameters for small and medium size dogs using a pressure sensitive walkway (PSW). We hypothesized that, at a given speed, small dogs would have shorter stance time than medium dogs and that dog height (DH) would influence GRF.

Animals: 30 healthy, sound dogs were divided into 2 groups, small < 15 kg and medium dog group weighing 15 to 25 kg.

Stifle joint osteoarthritis in small-breed and medium-breed dogs is more severe after cranial cruciate ligament injury than medial patellar luxation.

This retrospective observational study aimed to characterize the severity and distribution of OA in the stifle joints of small and medium dogs with CCL injury and/or MPL. Radiographs of the stifle joints from 218 dogs from 10 small and medium breeds were included; 127 joints had CCL injury, 76 joints had MPL, and 73 joints had CCL injury and MPL. OA was graded at 33 sites within the joint.

The significance of a concomitant clavicle fracture in flail chest patients: incidence, concomitant injuries, and outcome of 12,348 polytraumata from the TraumaRegister DGU.

Purpose: Isolated clavicle fractures (CF) rarely show complications, but their influence in the thorax trauma of the seriously injured still remains unclear. Some authors associate CF with a higher degree of chest injuries; therefore, the clavicle is meant to be a gatekeeper of the thorax.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU (project 2017-10) was carried out involving the years 2009-2016 (ISS ≥ 16, primary admission to a trauma center).

Evaluation of depth gauge accuracy in a canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy model.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of six depth gauges used in three tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plate holes.

Study Design: Ex vivo experimental study.

Animals And Sample Population: Cadaveric canine limbs (n = 10), one 25-mm-thick wood board, and one 33.

Lung Contusion in Polytrauma: An Analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU.

Background:  Thorax trauma frequently occurs in which injuries to the bony chest, lung contusions (LCs), and others are diagnosed. The significance of this violation is described very differently and is mostly based on monocentric data.

Methods:  A retrospective analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU (TR-DGU) dataset (Project 2014-062) was performed between 2009 and 2014 (injury severity score [ISS] ≥ 16, primary admission to a trauma center, no isolated traumatic brain injury).

Stifle joint osteoarthritis at the time of diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament injury is higher in Boxers and in dogs weighing more than 35 kilograms.

Osteoarthritis is a ubiquitous disease in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to characterize the severity and distribution of osteoarthritis (OA) within the joint and to identify differences among dog breeds in the severity of OA in the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient stifle joint. Radiographs of 240 stifles from 51 Boxers, 66 German Shepherds, 100 Labrador Retrievers, and 23 Siberian Huskies with confirmed CCL rupture were included.

Age Distribution and Concomitant Injuries in Pulmonary Contusion: An Analysis Based on Routine Data.

Background: As the population ages, low-energy thoracic injuries are becoming increasingly relevant in individual injuries, particularly pulmonary contusions (PCs) and their common concomitant injuries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and age distribution of thoracic trauma, especially PC, to make conclusions about common secondary diagnoses and developments in management.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 209,820 cases, based on German routine data from the years 2009 to 2015, with a main diagnosis (MD) or secondary diagnosis (SD) of thoracic trauma (S27 according to ICD-10) was performed.

[Lesions of the anterior chest wall-significance of additional fractures of the spine].

Background: Fractures of the anterior chest wall are rare among the total number of fractures. They include sternal fractures (SF) and the adjacent cartilaginous structures of the ribs. The accident mechanism can allow conclusions to be drawn about which further accompanying injuries may be present, e.

[Injuries of the posterior and lateral chest wall-importance of an additional clavicular fracture].

Background: Flail chest wall injuries (FCI) are common in younger patients due to high-speed trauma and in older patients due to low-energy trauma or falls from a low height. They show a high incidence of concomitant injuries and are therefore associated with high morbidity and mortality. If there is also an ipsilateral clavicular fracture (CF), the outcome is significantly poorer.

Fractures of the manubrium sterni: treatment options and a possible classification of different types of fractures.

Background: Sternum fractures are mostly located on the sternal corpus, seldom on the manubrium. Fractures of the sternal manubrium are, however, more frequently associated with severe concomitant injuries of thoracic organs, and therefore deserve special attention. In addition, in its function as a capstone in between the anterior chest wall and the shoulder girdle, it is exposed to a multiplicity of forces.

Quantitative T2 Mapping Shows Increased Degeneration in Adjacent Intervertebral Discs Following Kyphoplasty.

Objective: A minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic thoracic and lumbar spine fractures is cement augmentation (kyphoplasty). Little is known about the impact on adjacent intervertebral discs. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach in addition to morphological MRI is desirable to evaluate changes in the intervertebral disc.

[Frequency and age distribution of combined sternovertebral injuries : Analysis of routine data from German hospitals 2005-2012].

Background: Combinations of sternal and spinal fractures often occur due to high velocity accidents and are associated with a high incidence of concomitant injuries. The anterior thoracic wall is described as the fourth column of torso stability, which is why sternovertebral injuries (SVI) present a high risk of sagittal deformation of the trunk, in particular injuries of the thoracic spine. To date, no studies have been published on the frequency distribution of the involved vertebral bodies in large patient groups.

Reduced invasive and muscle-sparing operative approaches to the posterolateral chest wall provide an excellent accessibility for the operative stabilization! : Minimized approaches to the posterolateral chest wall.

Purpose: Stabilizing techniques for flail chest injuries are described through wide surgical approaches to the chest wall, especially in the most affected posterior and lateral regions. Severe morbidity due to these invasive approaches needs to be considered due to dissection of the scapular guiding muscles and the risk of injuries to neurovascular bundles. This study discusses possibilities for minimized approaches to the posterior and lateral regions.

Injuries of the Sternoclavicular Joint - An Innovative Approach in the Management of a Rare Injury: Tight Rope Fixation of the Costo-Clavicular Ligament.

The costoclavicular ligament (CCL) provides the most tight stability within the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ), followed by the most cited sternoclavicular ligaments (SCL). Their disruption may cause severe instability of the SCJ. Different treatment options, such as the use of plates, wires or autologous tendons are associated with mainly limited functional outcome.

Injuries of the Medial Clavicle: A Cohort Analysis in a Level-I-Trauma-Center. Concomitant Injuries. Management. Classification.

Although shoulder girdle injuries are frequent, those of the medial clavicle are widely unexplored. An applied classification is less used just as a standard management. A retrospective analysis of medial clavicle injuries (MCI) during a 5-year-term in a Level-1-Trauma-Center.

The Operative Management of Flail Chest Injuries with Concomitant Sternal Fracture.

Flail Chest Injuries (FCI) are one of the most severe thoracic injuries. Moreover, an additional sternal fracture (SF) even worsens the outcome, such as the duration of mechanical ventilation, therefore an surgical fixation of the fractures could be considered in certain cases to improve the weaning from the ventilator. This paper aims to emphasize on the management of different types of SF in FCI.

Analysis on the Age Distribution of Sternum Fractures.

Background: Sternum fractures (SFs) are described as a rare entity of bony fractures. Various accident mechanisms may cause SF such as the direct impact of traffic accidents and also by indirect mechanisms within the framework of falls. Osteoporotic fractures also play an increasing role in SF, but no reliable data on the age distribution of SF in a representative collective have been published so far.

Comparative studies of different types of osteosynthesis on the human corpse preparation in bilateral antero-lateral flail chest.

Introduction: Bilateral flail chest injuries are challenging in treatment and comparatively often require an operative stabilization of the anterior chest wall to re-establish normal physiological conditions of the chest wall in shape and statics. Various procedures have been described which are technically sophisticated for the surgeon. Consequently there is an increasing interest in potentials of operative care and their effectiveness on the anterolateral chest wall.

Cardiac Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis from Mouse Studies.

Aims: Stem cell-based regenerative therapies for the treatment of ischemic myocardium are currently a subject of intensive investigation. A variety of cell populations have been demonstrated to be safe and to exert some positive effects in human Phase I and II clinical trials, however conclusive evidence of efficacy is still lacking. While the relevance of animal models for appropriate pre-clinical safety and efficacy testing with regard to application in Phase III studies continues to increase, concerns have been expressed regarding the validity of the mouse model to predict clinical results.

Do low profile implants provide reliable stability in fixing the sternal fractures as a "fourth vertebral column" in sternovertebral injuries?

Background: Flexion and compression forces to the trunk can cause severe instability of the vertebral column and the anterior chest wall, mostly associated with an unstable fracture of the sternum. In combination, the worst case would be a complete disruption of the trunk. Some authors consider the sternum-rib-complex to be the fourth vertebral column.