Exploring recent patterns of migration of doctors to the United Kingdom: a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: A shortage of doctors is currently one of the biggest challenges faced by the healthcare workforce in the United Kingdom (UK). While plans are in place to increase the number of medical school places, in the short-term this gap will need to continue to be filled by the international recruitment of doctors. The aim of this study is to identify key factors that explain the patterns of migration of doctors to the UK, in order to aid the development of policies to recruit and retain a sustainable workforce.

Drivers and barriers of international migration of doctors to and from the United Kingdom: a scoping review.

Background: Many high-income countries are heavily dependent on internationally trained doctors to staff their healthcare workforce. Over one-third of doctors practising in the UK received their primary medical qualification abroad. Simultaneously, an average of around 2.

Graduates' preparedness for the changing doctor-patient relationship: A qualitative study.

Background: A positive doctor-patient relationship is a crucial part of high-quality patient care. There is a general perception that it has been changing in recent years; however, there is a lack of evidence for this. Adapting to the changing doctor-patient relationship has been identified as an important skill doctors of the future must possess.

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Antibiotic-Producing Soil Bacteria, Staphylococcus pasteuri WAM01, Peribacillus butanolivorans WAM04, and Micrococcus yunnanensis WAM06, with Growth-Inhibiting Effects against Commensal Strains.

We report the isolation, identification, and assemblies of three antibiotic-producing soil bacteria (Staphylococcus pasteuri, Peribacillus butanolivorans, and Micrococcus yunnanensis) that inhibit the growth of commensals in coculture. With pathogenic strains becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, bioprospecting for novel antimicrobials using commensal relatives may facilitate discovery of clinically useful drugs.

Aβ imaging with 18F-florbetaben in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: a prospective outcome study.

Background: We assessed the clinical utility of β-amyloid (Aβ) imaging with (18)F-florbetaben (FBB) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by evaluating its prognostic accuracy for progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD), comparing semiquantitative with visual scan assessment, and exploring the relationships among Aβ, hippocampal volume (HV) and memory over time.

Methods: 45 MCI underwent FBB positron emission tomography, MRI and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 2 years and clinical follow-up at 4 years. Positive FBB (FBB+), defined by a cortical to cerebellar cortex standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR) ≥ 1.

Functional analysis of precursors for serious problem behavior and related intervention.

Precursor behaviors are innocuous behaviors that reliably precede the occurrence of problem behavior. Intervention efforts applied to precursors might prevent the occurrence of severe problem behavior. We examined the relationship between precursor behavior and problem behavior in three individuals with developmental disabilities.

Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies of the Ditungsten(III) Complexes Cl(3)W(&mgr;-L)(3)WCl(3) and [Cl(3)W(&mgr;-L)(2)(&mgr;-Cl)WCl(3)](-) (L = 1,4-Dithiane, 1,4-Thioxane, pms = Pentamethylene Sulfide). C-S Bond Cleavage of the Bridging Thioether(s) in Cl(3)W(&mgr;-L)(3)WCl(3).

Reduction of WCl(4) with 1 equiv of sodium amalgam, in the presence of either a refluxing toluene or neat solution of the desired thioether, produces a mixture of Cl(3)W(&mgr;-L)(3)WCl(3) (L = 1,4-dithiane (1), 1,4-thioxane (2), pms = pentamethylene sulfide (3)) and [Na][Cl(3)W(&mgr;-L)(2)(&mgr;-Cl)WCl(3)] (L = 1,4-dithiane (4), 1,4-thioxane (5), pms (6)). 4 and 5 could be converted to 1 and 2, respectively, in the presence of excess L in refluxing toluene. The structures of 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 have been solved.

Effects of idiosyncratic stimulus variables on functional analysis outcomes.

As the methods for the functional analysis of problem behavior have continued to develop, there has been a greater focus on the specificity of controlling variables, both antecedents and consequences. Accelerating research interest in the role of antecedents reveals that a large array of stimulus variables can influence the rate of problem behavior. Indeed, the variety of these stimuli is so great that it is sometimes possible to overlook specific stimulus variables during initial assessment.

Empirically derived consequences: a data-based method for prescribing treatments for destructive behavior.

Behavioral treatments are often prescribed on the basis of a functional assessment. However, in a significant number of cases, functional assessment results are equivocal or suggest that internal stimuli are maintaining the behavior. In this investigation, we evaluated an alternative data-based assessment that may be useful in such cases.

Selegiline in narcolepsy.

We examined the effect of the specific monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor selegiline (deprenyl, Eldepryl), 20-30 mg p.o. daily, in 21 subjects with the narcoleptic syndrome for 4 weeks.

Comparison of levodopa with carbidopa, and levodopa with domperidone in Parkinson's disease.

In a comparison of the effects of domperidone and carbidopa during levodopa treatment, 20 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were treated with fixed dose regimens of either levodopa 500 mg-domperidone 20 mg or levodopa 100 mg-carbidopa 25 mg; each for 8 weeks. Clinical response, incidence of side effects, and plasma levodopa concentration resulting from each treatment were compared. Overall, in the dosages used, Parkinson's disease was less well controlled with levodopa-domperidone than with levodopa-carbidopa.

Immune factors in narcolepsy.

Most but not all subjects with the narcoleptic syndrome have the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR2 (and DQ1). The narcolepsy-DR2 association is the highest disease-HLA linkage known, and occurs in nonfamilial as well as familial cases of the narcoleptic syndrome. In other forms of daytime drowsiness, there is no relationship with a specific HLA, although some subjects considered to have "essential" hypersomnolence probably have the narcoleptic syndrome.

Genetic markers in narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy has long been known to have a hereditary familial basis. All of 37 patients with narcolepsy expressed the major histocompatibility complex antigen HLA DR2 compared with 21.5% of 200 normal controls.

Naloxone increases the nicotine-stimulated rise of vasopressin secretion in man.

Intravenous nicotine was administered to a group of six subjects during the concurrent intravenous infusion of either the opiate antagonist naloxone, or of saline. Nicotine stimulated vasopressin secretion in all subjects. Naloxone infusion increased both the plasma vasopressin response to nicotine and the resulting rise in urine osmolality.

Effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone and the enkephalin analog DAMME on the vasopressin response to a hypertonic stimulus in man.

Experiments were performed to study the effects of opioids on both the plasma arginine vasopressin and renal responses to hypertonic saline. Neither the opiate antagonist naloxone nor the enkephalin agonist DAMME [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met (0)-ol)enkephalin] altered the vasopressin response to the same hypertonic stimulus, although DAMME increased free water clearance. In man, opioids do not seem to be important mediators of the vasopressin response to osmolar change.