Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Biologics: A Call for Better Data Standardisation and Presentation in Clinical Studies.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often severe, debilitating and difficult to treat. Recent randomised control trials (RCTs) of biologics that target key inflammatory pathways have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating CRSwNP. Such RCTs must facilitate meta-analysis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) for paediatric fracture detection: a multireader multicase (MRMC) study protocol.

Introduction: Paediatric fractures are common but can be easily missed on radiography leading to potentially serious implications including long-term pain, disability and missed opportunities for safeguarding in cases of inflicted injury. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist fracture detection in adult patients exist, although their efficacy in children is less well known. This study aims to evaluate whether a commercially available AI tool (certified for paediatric use) improves healthcare professionals (HCPs) detection of fractures, and how this may impact patient care in a retrospective simulated study design.

Post-mortem skeletal survey (PMSS) versus post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) for the detection of corner metaphyseal lesions (CML) in children.

Objectives: Corner metaphyseal lesions (CMLs) are specific for child abuse but challenging to detect on radiographs. The accuracy of CT for CML detection is unknown. Our aim was to compare diagnostic accuracy for CML detection on post-mortem skeletal surveys (PMSS, plain radiography) versus post-mortem CT (PMCT).

A scoping review of the unmet needs of patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Aims: Patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have a high symptom burden and numerous needs that remain largely unaddressed despite advances in available treatment options. There is a need to comprehensively identify patients' needs and create opportunities to address them. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the available evidence and identify gaps in the literature regarding the unmet needs of patients diagnosed with IPF.

Exploration of the unmet needs of patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Interstitial lung diseases consist of a range of lung disorders, the most prevalent being idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic, progressive disease, resulting in loss of lung function and potentially significant impacts on quality of life. There is an increasing need to address unmet needs in this population as there is evidence that unmet needs may impact quality of life and health outcomes.

Biologic treatment for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is often severe, debilitating and difficult to treat. Biologics that target key inflammatory pathways have the potential to treat this disease; this study aimed to evaluate their effectiveness.

Methodology: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

AIM™ platform: A new immunotherapy approach for viral diseases.

In addition to complications of acute diseases, chronic viral infections are linked to both malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Lack of adequate treatment options for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human papillomavirus (HPV) remains. The NexImmune Artificial Immune Modulation (AIM) nanoparticle platform can be used to direct T cell responses by mimicking the dendritic cell function.

Gender, Police Culture, and Structured Ambivalence: Navigating 'Fit' with the Brotherhood, Boys' Club, and Sisterhood.

Women are increasingly represented in policing; however, inclusion alone will not eradicate existing structural and cultural barriers to meaningful change. Insights from interviews with ninety-one Canadian women police of varied rank and tenure, demonstrate women's experiences of structured ambivalence as they strategically deploy and resist gendered policing narratives of the Brotherhood, Boys' Club, and Sisterhood to negotiate their own 'fit.' In this way, they both challenge and reinforce gendered boundaries that create barriers to meaningful transformation.

Presentation to publication: Changes in paediatric radiology research trends 2010-2016.

Background: More than half of paediatric radiology research presented at annual conference meetings between 2010-2012 remains unpublished. It is unclear if there are any improvements in this statistic despite some initiatives to improve awareness of the importance of evidence-based medicine.

Objectives: To determine the abstract to publication rates (APRs) originating from recent paediatric radiology meetings, trends in research topics and factors associated with publication success.

Assessing Heterogeneity in Random-Effects Meta-analysis.

The random-effects model allows for the possibility that studies in a meta-analysis have heterogeneous effects. That is, observed study estimates vary not only due to random sampling error but also due to inherent differences in the way studies have been designed and conducted. In this chapter, we consider methods to estimate the heterogeneity variance parameter in a random-effects model, consider in more detail what this parameter represents and how the possible explanations for heterogeneity can be explored through statistical methods.

Micro-CT yields high image quality in human fetal post-mortem imaging despite maceration.

Background: Current clinical post-mortem imaging techniques do not provide sufficiently high-resolution imaging for smaller fetuses after pregnancy loss. Post-mortem micro-CT is a non-invasive technique that can deliver high diagnostic accuracy for these smaller fetuses. The purpose of the study is to identify the main predictors of image quality for human fetal post-mortem micro-CT imaging.

The effectiveness of psychological interventions for loneliness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic loneliness is associated with a range of mental health difficulties. Previous theory and research indicate that psychological interventions show promise for reducing loneliness, however, there have been no systematic reviews or meta-analyses to ascertain the efficacy of these interventions across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to synthesise, meta-analyse and explore the heterogeneity in RCTs of psychological interventions for loneliness in order to establish their efficacy.

Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, Indole-3-aldehyde and Indole-3-acetic Acid, Differentially Modulate Innate Cytokines and Stromal Remodeling Processes Associated with Autoimmune Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints. Inflammation, new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) and bone resorption (osteoclastogenesis) are three key processes involved in the joint damage and deformities of arthritis. Various gut microbiota-derived metabolites are implicated in RA pathogenesis.

Incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous meta-analysis investigating the incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in both types of diabetes is limited. The purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature which investigates the incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were searched up to October 2018.

Use of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a group of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets used as an effective treatment option for children and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy. There is limited research on the efficacy of KDT in infants, where there is the highest incidence of onset of the epilepsy. We aimed to systematically review studies that have reported on response to KDT in infants with epilepsy.

Common innate pathways to autoimmune disease.

Until recently, autoimmune disease research has primarily been focused on elucidating the role of the adaptive immune system. In the past decade or so, the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity has increasingly been realized. Recent findings have elucidated paradigm-shifting concepts, for example, the implications of "trained immunity" and a dysbiotic microbiome in the susceptibility of predisposed individuals to clinical autoimmunity.