High resolution chest computed tomography responses for a cohort of adult with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a heterogeneous histiocytosis with various pulmonary manifestations and imaging. We aim to evaluate the pulmonary response of LCH by high resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) through continuous follow-up.We conducted a retrospective analysis of 73 adult LCH patients with pulmonary involvement.

BRAF Deletion in Adult Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Correlates with Multisystem Disease and Poor Outcomes.

Purpose: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare and highly heterogeneous histiocytosis. There are currently few studies examining the correlation between molecular profiling and clinical phenotype or outcomes in adult patients with LCH. The objective of this study was to characterize the genomic landscape of adult LCH and correlate molecular findings with clinical features and patient outcomes.

The Utilization of Blockchain for Data Security for the Chronic Pain Physician.

Purpose Of Review: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the surge in medical data utilization, notably impacting chronic pain management given its enormous economist cost. While the collection and use of data enhances research and care quality, data exchange risks compromising integrity and privacy, exemplified by the Change Healthcare cyberattack. Here, we review the potential of blockchain for the utilization for cybersecurity in the healthcare system with an emphasis on the field of chronic pain.

Long-term follow-up of methotrexate and cytarabine in adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

The optimal treatment strategy for adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of combined methotrexate and cytarabine (Ara-C) [MA] therapy in patients newly diagnosed with LCH, with a median follow-up of 2 years. The present article reports long-term follow-up data spanning a median of 78 months (6.

Quantitative evaluation of Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction (SAMER) MPRAGE for morphometric analysis of brain tissue in patients undergoing evaluation for memory loss.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted MRI sequences such as the magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence are important for assessing regional cortical atrophy in the clinical evaluation of dementia but have long acquisition times and are prone to motion artifact. The recently developed Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction (SAMER) retrospective motion correction method addresses motion artifact within clinically-acceptable computation times and has been validated through qualitative evaluation in inpatient and emergency settings.

Methods: We evaluated the quantitative accuracy of morphometric analysis of SAMER motion-corrected compared to non-motion-corrected MPRAGE images by estimating cortical volume and thickness across neuroanatomical regions in two subject groups: (1) healthy volunteers and (2) patients undergoing evaluation for dementia.

Noncontrast MRI Surveillance of Craniopharyngiomas Using a Balanced Steady-state Free Precession (bSSFP) Sequence.

Background And Purpose: Contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) is a commonly used imaging technique for craniopharyngioma surveillance; however, it carries risks such as allergic reaction and gadolinium deposition. This study evaluates the efficacy of non contrast-enhanced MRI (NCMRI) with a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence compared with CEMRI T1-weighted imaging for craniopharyngioma surveillance.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with craniopharyngioma (16 females/13 males, mean age =21.

Liver involvement with Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults.

Background And Aims: Liver involvement portends poor prognosis in adults. We aimed to characterize the clinical features, liver function tests, radiologic findings, molecular profiles, therapeutic approaches and outcomes of adults patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with liver involvement.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all adults with LCH (≥ 18 years) seen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China) between January 2001 and December 2022.

Medical Extended Reality for Radiology Education and Training.

Medical extended reality (MXR), encompassing augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality (MR), presents a novel paradigm in radiology training by offering immersive, interactive, and realistic learning experiences in health care. Although traditional educational tools in the field of radiology are essential, it is necessary to capitalize on the innovative and emerging educational applications of extended reality (XR) technologies. At the most basic level of learning anatomy, XR has been extensively used with an emphasis on its superiority over conventional learning methods, especially in spatial understanding and recall.

Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Headache Disorder Diagnosis, Classification, and Management.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides an overview of the current and future role of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in addressing the complexities inherent to the diagnosis, classification, and management of headache disorders.

Recent Findings: Through machine learning and natural language processing approaches, AI offers unprecedented opportunities to identify patterns within complex and voluminous datasets, including brain imaging data. This technology has demonstrated promise in optimizing diagnostic approaches to headache disorders and automating their classification, an attribute particularly beneficial for non-specialist providers.

Beauty ideals and body positivity: a qualitative investigation of young women's perspectives on social media content in China.

Much of the existing knowledge regarding the impact of beauty ideals and body positive social media content on women's body image is based on the Western cultural context. This limits our understanding of the issue in other cultures, such as China, among others. Therefore, to address this gap, this study examined young Chinese women's perspectives on beauty ideals and body positivity in social media through a qualitative investigation.

What Is Medical Extended Reality? A Taxonomy Defining the Current Breadth and Depth of an Evolving Field.

Medical extended reality (MXR) has emerged as a dynamic field at the intersection of health care and immersive technology, encompassing virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications across a wide range of medical disciplines. Despite its rapid growth and recognition by regulatory bodies, the field lacks a standardized taxonomy to categorize its diverse research and applications. This American Medical Extended Reality Association guideline, authored by the editorial board of the , introduces a comprehensive taxonomy for MXR, developed through a multidisciplinary and international collaboration of experts.

Clinical Evaluation of a 2-Minute Ultrafast Brain MR Protocol for Evaluation of Acute Pathology in the Emergency and Inpatient Settings.

Background And Purpose: The use of MR imaging in emergency settings has been limited by availability, long scan times, and sensitivity to motion. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of an ultrafast brain MR imaging protocol for evaluation of acute intracranial pathology in the emergency department and inpatient settings.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-six adult patients who underwent brain MR imaging in the emergency department and inpatient settings were included in the study.

Phase 2 study using low dose cytarabine for adult patients with newly diagnosed Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) lacks a standardized first-line therapy. This single-center, phase 2 prospective study (NCT04121819) enrolled 61 newly diagnosed adult LCH patients with multisystem or multifocal single system disease from October 2019 to June 2022. Subcutaneous cytarabine (100 mg/m2 for 5 days) was administered in 35-day cycles for 12 total cycles.

Virtual reading room for diagnostic radiology.

Rationale And Objective: To assess the perceptions of radiology staff regarding the role of virtual reality technology in diagnostic radiology after using a virtual reality (VR) headset METHODS: Participants completed a pre-study questionnaire assessing their familiarity with VR technology and its potential role in radiology. Using a VR headset, participants entered a simulated reading room (SieVRt, Luxsonic Technologies) with three large virtual monitors. They were able to view plain radiographs, ultrasound, CT, and MRI images and pull up and compare multiple images simultaneously.

Telehealth and Virtual Reality Technologies in Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides medical practitioners with an overview of the present and emergent roles of telehealth and associated virtual reality (VR) applications in chronic pain (CP) management, particularly in the post-COVID-19 healthcare landscape.

Recent Findings: Accumulated evidence points to the efficacy of now well-established telehealth modalities, such as videoconferencing, short messaging service (SMS), and mobile health (mHealth) applications in complementing remote CP care. More recently, and although still in early phases of clinical implementation, a wide range of VR-based interventions have demonstrated potential for improving the asynchronous remote management of CP.

Clinical features, genomic profiling, and outcomes of adult patients with unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare highly heterogeneous histiocytosis, which can be divided into single system and multiple system disease according to site of involvement. There is a paucity of studies examining unifocal LCH in adults in the molecular era.

Results: We retrospectively analysed records from 70 patients with unifocal LCH.

An imaging review of the hippocampus and its common pathologies.

The hippocampus is a complex structure located in the mesial temporal lobe that plays a critical role in cognitive and memory-related processes. The hippocampal formation consists of the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum, and its importance in the neural circuitry makes it a key anatomic structure to evaluate in neuroimaging studies. Advancements in imaging techniques now allow detailed assessment of hippocampus internal architecture and signal features that has improved identification and characterization of hippocampal abnormalities.

Cancer stem cell-derived CHI3L1 activates the MAF/CTLA4 signaling pathway to promote immune escape in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) development may be associated with tumor immune escape. This study explores whether the CHI3L1/MAF/CTLA4/S100A4 axis affects immune escape in TNBC through interplay with triple-negative breast cancer stem cells (TN-BCSCs).

Objective: The aim of this study is to utilize single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which the CHI3L1/MAF/CTLA4 signaling pathway may mediate immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer through the interaction between tumor stem cells (CSCs) and immune cells.