Plastic bronchitis associated with human bocavirus 1 infection in children.

Background: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a clinical-pathological syndrome characterized by the abnormal accumulation of endogenous substances in the bronchial airways, causing partial or complete obstruction and resulting in impaired lung ventilation.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we aim to summarize the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches to enhance clinicians' ability to detect children who are infected with human bocavirus 1 (hBoV 1) and develop PB.

Results: In the period from January 2021 to January 2024, a total of six hBoV 1 infection children were diagnosed with PB through bronchoscopy.

Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Inhibits M1 Polarization and Apoptosis of Alveolar Macrophage and Protects Against Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with macrophage polarization and apoptosis, but the role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) in these processes remains controversial. However, the effect of AT2Rs on alveolar macrophages and mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury has not been determined. Mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats and LPS-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) were used to determine the effects of AT2Rs, selective AT2R agonists and selective AT1Rs or AT2R antagonists.

Research on the Impact of Deep Eutectic Solvent and Hot-Water Extraction Methods on the Structure of Polysaccharides.

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) and hot-water extraction (HWE) methods were utilized to extract polysaccharides from , referred to as DPsP and WPsP, respectively. The extracted polysaccharides were purified using the Superdex-200 dextran gel purification system, resulting in three components for each type of polysaccharide. The structures of these components were characterized.

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma in children: two case reports and a review of the literature.

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is a rare tumor, particularly in children, and its clinical manifestations vary. When the tumor is small, it may be asymptomatic; however, with larger tumors, patients may present with symptoms such as recurring pneumonia, atelectasis, persistent cough, chest pain, and even hemoptysis. PMEC appears as an exophytic intrabronchial mass.

SUMOylation of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 induces goblet cell metaplasia in allergic airways.

Allergic asthma is characterized by goblet cell metaplasia and subsequent mucus hypersecretion that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Here, we explore the potential role and underlying mechanism of protein SUMOylation-mediated goblet cell metaplasia. The components of SUMOylaion machinery are specifically expressed in healthy human bronchial epithelia and robustly upregulated in bronchial epithelia of patients or mouse models with allergic asthma.

Pattern of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Chinese Children, A Cross-Sectional Survey From 17 Hospitals Located Across 10 Provinces of China.

Objectives: Use of Broad-spectrum antibiotics is related closely to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Reports on antibiotic prescriptions for Chinese children were rare. We described the prescribing patterns of antibiotic prescriptions for Chinese children from 2017 to 2019 based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC classification); the Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification from the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Management of Antibiotic Classification in China.

Salivary IgG4 Levels Contribute to Assessing the Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children with Asthma or Allergic Rhinitis.

At present, there are no effective, non-invasive, and objective indicators to evaluate the efficacy of pediatric house dust mite (HDM)-specific allergen immunotherapy (AIT). A prospective, observational study was performed in children with () asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR). Forty-four patients received subcutaneous -AIT for 2 years, and eleven patients received only symptomatic treatment.

Antimicrobial prescribing for children in China: data from point prevalence surveys in 18 tertiary centres in China in 2016-2017.

Objectives: The reports on evaluating the classification of antibiotic agents prescribed for Chinese children by combining WHO's and China's administrative categories were rare. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of antimicrobial agents prescribing for Chinese children in 2016.

Settings: 18 tertiary centres from nine provinces located in northern, southern, eastern and western China.

Effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis children sensitive to dust mites.

Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is now the only treatment that can modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, not all children with AR benefit from SCIT.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of SCIT in dust-mites-induced AR children and explore correlative factors predicting treatment response to SCIT.

The clinical significance of allergen-specific IgG4 in allergic diseases.

IgG4 is a subclass of IgG antibody with a unique molecular feature of (Fragment antigen- binding) Fab-arm exchange, allowing specific antigen binding in a -valent manner. With low binding affinity to C1q and Fcγreceptors, IgG4 is incapable of forming immune complexes and activating the complement pathway, exhibiting a non-inflammatory feature. IgG4 is produced similarly to IgE and is considered modified reaction to IgE class-switching response under certain conditions.

The clinical application of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: Flexible bronchoscopy is widely used in infants and it plays a crucial role. The aim of this study was to investigate the value and clinical safety of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 116 neonates who underwent flexible bronchoscopy and the outcomes of 147 procedures.

An isolated pulmonary nodule secondary to infection in an otherwise healthy 10-year-old boy: A case report and literature review.

, as a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, tends to cause various infections, such as brain and liver abscesses, endocarditis, and empyema, especially in immunocompromised patients. However, an isolated pulmonary nodule caused by in previously healthy individuals without traditional risk factors is rarely reported. Herein, we present a case of a 10-year-old immunocompetent boy referred to our department with a 5-day history of intermittent, left-sided chest pain.

Vitamin C deficiency induces hypoglycemia and cognitive disorder through S-nitrosylation-mediated activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β.

Vitamin C (VC, l-ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in metabolism and functions as a potent antioxidant in regulating the S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation of target proteins. The precise function of VC deprivation in glucose homeostasis is still unknown. In the absence of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, an essential enzyme for the last step of VC synthesis, VC deprivation resulted in persistent hypoglycemia and subsequent impairment of cognitive functions in female but not male mouse pups.

Case Report: Intermittent Chest Pain With Cough, Fever, and Pericardial Effusion Over the Course of 1 Year in an 11-Year-Old Girl.

An 11-year-old girl presented with frequent chest pain, fever, and a cough that she had had for more than 13 months, as well as pleural effusion and large pericardial effusion. She was misdiagnosed with tuberculosis and received anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6 months. Within the past year, she also underwent two more thoracotomies and a thoracoscopic partial pericardiectomy.

Evaluation of a Novel Simulation Curriculum With the Segmented Model in Pediatric Cardiovascular Education.

Objective: The need to develop the full range of knowledge, skills, and professionalism poses new challenges for pediatric cardiovascular education. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a novel simulation curriculum with the segmented model for pediatric cardiovascular residents.

Materials And Methods: First, the simulation course was designed according to a prior survey and based on a human patient simulator setting.

Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report and literature review.

Background: Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis refers to an acute diffuse necrotizing inflammation in the mucosa of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus. It often occurs in infants and children having viral infections secondary to bacterial infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.

Clinical Features of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Children: A Single Center Study.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) mainly involving small airways and lung parenchyma that is caused by the inhalation of antigens in susceptible people to stimulate the body's immune response.

Methods: A total of 6 Chinese children with HP treated in our center from July 2017 to July 2021 were included in our study.

Results: Among the children, there were 4 males and 2 females, ranging in age from 4 to 14 years.

CircZNF652 promotes the goblet cell metaplasia by targeting the miR-452-5p/JAK2 signaling pathway in allergic airway epithelia.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play potentially important roles in various human diseases; however, their roles in the goblet cell metaplasia of asthma remain unknown.

Objective: We sought to investigate the potential role and underlying mechanism of circZNF652 in the regulation of allergic airway epithelial remodeling.

Methods: The differential expression profiles of circRNAs were analyzed by transcriptome microarray, and the effects and mechanisms underlying circZNF652-mediated goblet cell metaplasia were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, Western blot, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses.