In this study, the factors in overnight dwell fluid (8 to 10 hr dwell) depressing granulocyte (GC) NAD(P)H-oxidase dependent radical species production are characterized. At present, most studies have essentially focused on fresh, unspent dialysate and on peritoneal macrophages. The response to Staphylococcus aureus (Staph A) was dose-dependently depressed for both GC CO2 production (from 91.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is generally recognized that the uremic syndrome results in a depression of immune function, but the uremic solutes responsible remain largely unidentified. In this study, the effect of 18 known uremic retention solutes, including urea and creatinine, on hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS)-dependent glucose-1-C14 utilization (G1C-U), chemiluminescence production (CL-P) and flow cytometric parameters (FCP) of respiratory burst and phagocytosis were evaluated in granulocytes and/or monocytes. Among the compounds studied, only p-cresol depressed whole blood respiratory burst reactivity (G1C-U, CL-P) dose dependently at concentrations currently encountered in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (P < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNephrol Dial Transplant
February 1995
Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that the activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) pathway in phagocytosis-related respiratory burst is disturbed in end-stage renal disease. To determine whether uraemic solute retention is responsible for this defect the HMS-path was evaluated by measurements of glucose-1-C14 utilization and determination of 14CO2 production in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNLs), suspended in normal plasma or uraemic biological fluids. Normal PMNLs, while suspended in normal or uraemic plasma, were stimulated with either latex, zymosan or Staph.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfection is a frequent complication and the major cause of death among end-stage renal patients. Polymorphonuclear phagocytes (PMNL) are important in host defense mainly because of bacterial destruction by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-related free radical production following phagocytosis. In this study, hexose monophosphate pathway glycolytic activity, delivering energy to NADPH oxidase, is evaluated in vivo and in vitro, in healthy controls and in dialyzed renal failure patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwenty-three stabilized chronic uremic patients with no active or recent infection were treated for 10 days with either cefodizime (5 x 2 g intravenously, n = 10) or cotrimoxazole (960 mg orally b.i.d.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOverall leukocyte counts decrease during certain forms of hemodialysis, but little information is available on the intradialytic evolution of phagocytic metabolic function, especially during dialysis with dialyzers not affecting the number of circulating phagocytes. This study evaluated the phagocytic capacity of granulocytes and monocytes to generate CO2 out of glucose under basic unchallenged conditions and after stimulation with latex or zymosan, before and after 15, 60 and 240 minutes of dialysis with reused cuprophan, AN69S, polysulphone, polymethylmethacrylate and hemophan hemodialyzers. Phagocytic metabolic function was assessed in whole blood on the basis of 14CO2-production from labelled glucose during the phagocytic process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, changes of protein binding of nine drugs were evaluated. In addition, theophylline and phenytoin, the two drugs with the most substantial and progressive decrease in protein binding, were further studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fractions of ultrafiltrate of normal and uremic serum, in an attempt to identify substances causing drug protein binding inhibition. There was a marked decline of the protein binding of theophylline, phenytoin and methotrexate (dialyzed patients vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNephrol Dial Transplant
November 1988
In vitro experiments suggest that cefodizime, a new cephalosporin, causes an increase in phagocytic capacity. We therefore evaluated the effect of cefodizime on the phagocytic system in haemodialysis patients by an estimation of the 14CO2 production during glucose metabolisation by phagocytic cells, in the resting state, and after zymosan and latex. The production of 14CO2 after latex increased in five of six patients (mean +/- SD: from 17,932 +/- 11,859 before to 21,183 +/- 7849 d.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUremic ultrafiltrate was fractioned by chromatography on Sephadex G15; two fractions were highly inhibiting the total lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat kidney homogenate. The inhibiting fractions were eluates number 10 and 11 with an elution volume of respectively 17.4 ml and 19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUremic ultrafiltrates (and normal serum, for comparison) were fractionated by means of gel filtration. The collected fractions were further investigated by combined analytical techniques: "high-performance" liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and isotachophoresis. Ultrafiltrate fractions in the so-called middle molecular mass region (Mr 500-2000) contained a considerable amount of substances of low molecular mass, such as carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and ultraviolet absorbing solutes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe in vitro phagocytic activity of normal human blood was maximally inhibited by an uremic toxin isolated by Sephadex G 15 column chromatography from the ultrafiltrate obtained during a sequential hemodiafiltration procedure in an anephric patient. The phagocytic activity of the blood was studied by measuring the labelled CO2 production from glucose metabolism during the phagocytosis of latex, zymosan and inulin; phagocytosis was not influenced by urea levels of 4 g/l and creatinine levels of 15 mg/100 ml, whereas it was inhibited for 59% by uremic serum and for 90% by a D fraction. The D fraction blocking phagocytosis is of the so-called middle molecular weight range; the presumed molecular weight is between 113 and 1029; the elution volume Ve is 25.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman urine may inhibit or activate the phagocytosis by normal human blood of latex, zymosan and inuline. No specific difference was found between the urine of normals and patients with moderate, severe or end stage renal failure. The inhibiting effect was not due to urea or creatinine; the assumption is made that a middle molecular fraction D, which can be isolated by Sephadex G 15 columnchromatography from uraemic ultrafiltrate, is responsible for the observed inhibition.
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