Safety and efficacy of an inactivated tetravalent water-in-oil emulsion vaccine against the peritonitis syndrome.

Protection against (EPS) challenge seems to be genotype-serotype-specific.Genotype B (O78:H4) gave (almost) full protection against genotypes B, F and H (all O78:H4).Genotype D (O11:H12) incited partial protection.

Interference between genotypes from the peritonitis syndrome given simultaneously to productive SPF White Leghorn hens by intratracheal inoculation.

The purpose of the present study was to examine if potentiation of mortality occurred after simultaneous administration of several genotypes, each capable of inducing the peritonitis syndrome, in comparison with single genotype application. Five groups of productive specified pathogen free White Leghorn hens were housed in isolators. Groups 1-4 consisted of 32 hens each, group 5 of 10 hens.

Renal Collision Tumor: A Case of Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis to Renal Angiomyolipoma.

A 68-year-old woman presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Imaging revealed a left hilar mass biopsy-proven as small cell cancer. Concurrently, a macroscopic fat-containing renal lesion consistent with an angiomyolipoma was observed.

Typicality of Level Change (TLC) as an Additional Effect Measure to NAP and Tau-U in Single Case Research.

Single case research is a viable way to obtain evidence for social and psychological interventions on an individual level. Across single case research studies various analysis strategies are employed, varying from visual analysis to the calculation of effect sizes. To calculate effect sizes in studies with few measurements per time period (<40 data points with a minimum of five data points in each phase), non-parametric indices such as Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) and Tau-U are recommended.

How to Evaluate a Tailor-made Social Work Intervention? Some Practice-Based Solutions with Single-Case Designs.

Purpose: With the increased attention to the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP), social workers are challenged to adapt their daily interventions accordingly when treating clients. They usually work with individual clients, all with their own specificities. Single-Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs) can be used to inform a social worker about the effectiveness of an intervention at the individual client level.

Assessment of the best inoculation route for virulotyping strains in a chicken embryo lethality assay.

The study aim was to determine the best inoculation route for virulotyping in a chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA). Twenty-eight genetically different strains were used. Fourteen strains were isolated from cloaca swabs of broiler reproduction chickens (cloaca strains) and 14 strains from broilers with lesions (lesion strains).

Prevalence of trichomonads in the cloaca of wild wetland birds in the Netherlands.

Severe granulomatosis in productive layer chickens due to strain 13/16632 infection occurred in 2013 and 2017 on farms situated in a wetland area in the Netherlands. We hypothesized that wetland birds could be the source of the infection. Therefore, a prevalence study on trichomonads was performed by analysing cloaca swabs of 526 birds belonging to 13 species of wetland birds.

typing of obtained from laying chickens with the peritonitis syndrome.

Fourteen genetically different chicken strains were biotyped in hens to examine if any strain at high dose can induce the peritonitis syndrome (EPS). Moreover, biotyping was performed in embryos and the median lethal dose (LD) of three strains was determined in hens. Nine strains were obtained from femur marrow and one strain from caecum of hens that had died from EPS.

Exploring rural hospital admissions for diarrhoeal disease, malaria, pneumonia, and asthma in relation to temperature, rainfall and air pollution using wavelet transform analysis.

Background: Climate variables impact human health and in an era of climate change, there is a pressing need to understand these relationships to best inform how such impacts are likely to change.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate time series of daily admissions from two public hospitals in Limpopo province in South Africa with climate variability and air quality.

Methods: We used wavelet transform cross-correlation analysis to monitor coincidences in changes of meteorological (temperature and rainfall) and air quality (concentrations of PM and NO) variables with admissions to hospitals for gastrointestinal illnesses including diarrhoea, pneumonia-related diagnosis, malaria and asthma cases.

First record of (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species.

Although Madagascar has more than 350 frog species of which all but two are endemic to the island, the known polystome (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) diversity parasitizing Malagasy frogs is low, encompassing five species of , one species of and one . Investigating the parasite diversity of frog parasites at selected Malagasy localities led to the discovery of undescribed polystomes. Five treefrogs, , , , and were found to be infected and are reported here as hosts for new species.

Major climate change-induced risks to human health in South Africa.

There are many climatic changes facing South Africa which already have, or are projected to have, a detrimental impact on human health. Here the risks to health due to several alterations in the climate of South Africa are considered in turn. These include an increase in ambient temperature, causing, for example, a significant rise in morbidity and mortality; heavy rainfall leading to changes in the prevalence and occurrence of vector-borne diseases; drought-associated malnutrition; and exposure to dust storms and air pollution leading to the potential exacerbation of respiratory diseases.

Success rates of inoculation of the various compartments of embryonated chicken eggs at different incubation days.

Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs has been widely used during the past decades; however, inoculation success rates have not been investigated systematically. In this study named success rates were assessed in brown eggs incubated between 5 and 19 days, which were inoculated with 0.2 ml methylene blue per egg.

A multiple case study investigating changes in organizations serving residents with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours.

Background: the present authors examined changes made in disability service organizations supporting residents with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours, because these changes may influence residents' support and subsequently their challenging behaviours.

Method: In this multiple case study, the present authors collected and qualitatively analysed data (organizational documents, meetings records and focus group reports) on organizational changes made in two specialized Dutch disability service organizations, using ecological theory as a sensitizing framework and the constant comparative method.

Results: Themes describing organizational changes in this context were as follows: a messy start to the transition; staff, professionals and managers remain at a distance; staff members' ability to change; clear boundaries between formal and informal caregivers; and staff's feelings of being unheard.

Gathering the evidence and identifying opportunities for future research in climate, heat and health in South Africa: The role of the South African Medical Research Council.

A changing climate is likely to have widespread and varying impacts on ecosystems and human health. South Africa (SA) is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, given the projected increases in temperature, and changes in the amount and patterns of rainfall. Moreover, SA's vulnerability is exacerbated by extreme inequality and poverty.

granuloma disease in a flock of free range layers.

Granuloma disease in a flock of free range productive layers in the Netherlands in 2017 is described. The disease resembled granuloma outbreaks in layers caused by in 2013 and occurred in the same area in which the rearing farm considered as the source of the 2013 outbreaks was located. Between 55 and 84 weeks of age mortality was 20.

An avian influenza virus H6N1 outbreak in commercial layers: case report and reproduction of the disease.

An outbreak of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H6N1 (intravenous pathogenicity index = 0.11) infection occurred in four productive brown layer flocks on three farms in the Netherlands within a period of two months. The farms were located at a maximum distance of 4.

First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of from the Madagascan anuran hosts and .

Two frog species, and , are reported as hosts for new species of . Phylogenetic analyses and genetic divergences observed in the genus supported the distinction of two morphotypes infesting selectively each host species and morphological investigation combining marginal hooklet morphometrics, genital spine number and measurements further showed that polystomes from the two host species differed from each other and from all other known polystomes. n.

Acute Nonhemorrhagic Adrenal Infarction in Pregnancy: 10-Year MRI Incidence and Patient Outcomes at a Single Institution.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the MRI incidence of nonhemorrhagic adrenal infarction in pregnant women undergoing MRI evaluation of acute abdominal or flank pain, assess the MRI features quantitatively, and report patient outcomes.

Materials And Methods: All abdominal MRI examinations of pregnant women with acute pain at one institution from May 2005 to April 2015 were reviewed. The adrenals were evaluated for abnormal morphologic and signal intensity characteristics described in the literature characterizing nonhemorrhagic adrenal infarction and were compared with the contralateral adrenal by paired t tests.

The efficacy of inactivated Escherichia coli autogenous vaccines against the E. coli peritonitis syndrome in layers.

Autogenous Escherichia coli vaccines to prevent the E. coli peritonitis syndrome (EPS) in laying hens are often used in the field, although their effectiveness has not been demonstrated yet. Therefore, in this study, which consisted of two experiments, their efficacy was assessed.

Validation of a quantitative Eimeria spp. PCR for fresh droppings of broiler chickens.

A quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) for the seven chicken Eimeria spp. was modified and validated for direct use on fresh droppings. The analytical specificity of the qPCR on droppings was 100%.

CT angiography for acute gastrointestinal bleeding: what the radiologist needs to know.

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common cause of both emergency department visits and hospitalizations in the USA and can have a high morbidity and mortality if not treated rapidly. Imaging is playing an increasing role in both the diagnosis and management of GI bleeding. In particular, CT angiography (CTA) is a promising initial test for acute GI bleeding as it is universally available, can be performed rapidly and may provide diagnostic information to guide management.

Primary Newcastle disease vaccination of broilers: comparison of the antibody seroresponse and adverse vaccinal reaction after eye-nose drop or coarse spray application, and implication of the results for a previously developed coarse dry powder vaccine.

To compare antibody seroresponse and adverse vaccinal reaction induced by Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination after eye-nose drop or coarse spray, groups of SPF broiler hens were vaccinated at day 4 (day of hatch is day 0) and intratracheally inoculated with Escherichia coli at day 11. Body weight gain (BWG) was assessed between day 4 and day 18; colibacillosis lesions and serum antibodies were determined at day 18. Meaningful comparison requires similar vaccine uptake.