Thioxanthone Dioxide Triplet States Have Low Oxygen Quenching Rate Constants.

With few exceptions, triplet excited states of organic molecules, M, are quenched by ground state molecular oxygen, O(XΣ), with rate constants greater than ∼10 M s in fluid solutions. If the energy of the triplet state is above 94 kJ/mol, then such quenching can result in the sensitized production of singlet oxygen, O(aΔ). In the interaction between M and O(XΣ), the magnitudes of both and the yield of the O(aΔ) depend appreciably on mixing with the M-O charge-transfer state.

Evaluation of the systemic and mucosal immune response induced by COVID-19 and the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The currently used SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have proven to induce a strong and protective immune response. However, functional relevance of vaccine-generated antibodies and their temporal progression are still poorly understood. Thus, the central aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of systemic and mucosal humoral immune response after mRNA vaccination with BNT162b2.

Competing photochemical reactions of bis-naphthols and their photoinduced antiproliferative activity.

The photophysical properties and photochemical reactivities of a series of bis-naphthols 4a-4e and bis-anthrols 5a and 5e were investigated by preparative irradiation in CH3OH, fluorescence spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis (LFP). Methanolysis taking place via photodehydration (bis-naphthols: ΦR = 0.04-0.

"Sex in a Relationship" versus "Sex During a One-Night Stand": The Link Between Mental Representations of Consensual Sexuality, Mating Strategies, and Sexual Experience in Heterosexual Women and Men.

Sexual scripts, that is, the mental representations of sexual behavior, are highly influenced by mating strategies and sexual experience. The relationship between these factors and sexual scripts is, however, poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed how long-term (e.

A Binary Mixture of Ionic Liquids as a New Approach for an Experimental Diffusion Correction in the Study of Activated Processes.

A binary system of two ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf ] and [OMA][NTf ], respectively), with varying molar fractions, is introduced. It allows the dynamic viscosity to remain constant over a range of almost 60 K; this means that any activated process can be studied independent of the temperature dependence of viscosity itself. This principle is proven upon reinvestigation of electron self-exchange kinetics of tetrathiafulvalene by continuous-wave ESR line-broadening experiments.

The Seduction Script: Psychological and Cultural Norms of Interpersonal Approaches As Markers for Sexual Aggression and Abuse.

Hardly any subjects enjoy greater - public or private - interest than the art of flirtation and seduction. However, interpersonal approach behavior not only paves the way for sexual interaction and reproduction, but it simultaneously integrates non-sexual psychobiological and cultural standards regarding consensus and social norms. In the present paper, we use script theory, a concept that extends across psychological and cultural science, to assess behavioral options during interpersonal approaches.

Kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer reactions of ruthenium(II) complexes and phenols, tyrosine, N-acetyl-tyrosine and tryptophan in aqueous solutions measured with modulated fluorescence spectroscopy.

Photooxidation kinetics of phenol, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, tyrosine (TyrOH) and N-acetyl-tyrosine (AcTyrOH), tryptophan (TrpH) by ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: [Ru(bpy)]Cl (1), [Ru(phen)]Cl (2), [Ru(bpy)(phen)(bpg)]Cl (3), and [Ru(dpq)(bxbg)]Cl (4) where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, phen - 1,10-phenanthroline, bpg - bipyridine-glycoluril, dpq - dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline, and bxbg - bis(o-xylene)bipyridine-glycoluril are investigated. Rate constants have been measured by steady-state luminescence and phase-modulation fluorometry in aqueous solutions at different pH's. The rates for the oxidation of the phenols and phenolic aromatic amino acids spreads over a wide range from 4.

Shielding voices: The modulation of binding processes between voice features and response features by task representations.

Vocal events offer not only semantic-linguistic content but also information about the identity and the emotional-motivational state of the speaker. Furthermore, most vocal events have implications for our actions and therefore include action-related features. But the relevance and irrelevance of vocal features varies from task to task.

Group V Secretory Phospholipase A2 Is Involved in Tubular Integrity and Sodium Handling in the Kidney.

Group V (GV) phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a member of the family of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes. This enzyme has been identified in several organs, including the kidney. However, the physiologic role of GV sPLA2 in the maintenance of renal function remains unclear.

Photodeamination Reaction Mechanism in Aminomethyl p-Cresol Derivatives: Different Reactivity of Amines and Ammonium Salts.

Derivatives of p-cresol 1-4 were synthesized, and their photochemical reactivity, acid-base, and photophysical properties were investigated. The photoreactivity of amines 1 and 3 is different from that for the corresponding ammonium salts 2 and 4. All compounds have low fluorescence quantum yields because the excited states undergo deamination reactions, and for all cresols the formation of quinone methides (QMs) was observed by laser flash photolysis.

Protective effect of L-carnitine on Phenylalanine-induced DNA damage.

The pathogenesis and the progression of phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism, have been associated with oxidative damage. Moreover, it has been increasingly postulated the antioxidant properties of L-Carnitine (LC). The aim of this study was to verify the effect of LC on Phe-induced DNA damage.

5-Lypoxygenase products are involved in renal tubulointerstitial injury induced by albumin overload in proximal tubules in mice.

The role of albumin overload in proximal tubules (PT) in the development of tubulointerstitial injury and, consequently, in the progression of renal disease has become more relevant in recent years. Despite the importance of leukotrienes (LTs) in renal disease, little is known about their role in tubulointerstitial injury. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possible role of LTs on tubulointerstitial injury induced by albumin overload.

N-acylhydrazone improves exercise intolerance in rats submitted to myocardial infarction by the recovery of calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle.

Aims: This work investigated the effects of 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl-2-thienylhydrazone (LASSBio-294) treatment on the contractile response of soleus (SOL) muscle from rats submitted to myocardial infarction (MI).

Main Methods: Following coronary artery ligation, LASSBio-294 (2mg/kg, i.p.

A clinical and demographic comparison between a forensic and a general sample of female patients with schizophrenia.

Diagnoses of psychiatric diseases do not include criminal behavior. In schizophrenia, a non-negligible subgroup is incarcerated for capital and other crimes. Most studies that compared offender and non-offender patients with schizophrenia have only focused on male patients.

Spectral and thermodynamic properties for the exciplexes of N-alkyl carbazoles with dicyanobenzenes in THF.

The exciplex emission spectra of N-ethylcarbazole with 1,2-dicyanobenzene (NEC/1,2-DCB), N-methylcarbazole with 1,2-dicyanobenzene (NMC/1,2-DCB), 1,3-dicyanobenzene (NMC/1,3-DCB), and 1,4-dicyanobenzene (NMC/1,4-DCB) are studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF) for the temperature range starting from 253 K to 334 K. Thermochromic shifts along with the spectral properties including change in peak intensities and the ratio of exciplex peak intensity to fluorophore peak intensity are studied. Effect of temperature on the energy of zero-zero transitions hνo('), Huang-Rhys factor (S), Gauss broadening of vibronic level (σ) and the dominant high-frequency vibration (hνν) are also part of investigation.

Time-resolved magnetic field effects distinguish loose ion pairs from exciplexes.

We describe the experimental investigation of time-resolved magnetic field effects in exciplex-forming organic donor-acceptor systems. In these systems, the photoexcited acceptor state is predominantly deactivated by bimolecular electron transfer reactions (yielding radical ion pairs) or by direct exciplex formation. The delayed fluorescence emitted by the exciplex is magnetosensitive if the reaction pathway involves loose radical ion pair states.

"To see or not to see: that is the question." The "Protection-Against-Schizophrenia" (PaSZ) model: evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations.

The causes of schizophrenia are still unknown. For the last 100 years, though, both "absent" and "perfect" vision have been associated with a lower risk for schizophrenia. Hence, vision itself and aberrations in visual functioning may be fundamental to the development and etiological explanations of the disorder.

In situ monitoring magnetism and resistance of nanophase platinum upon electrochemical oxidation.

Controlled tuning of material properties by external stimuli represents one of the major topics of current research in the field of functional materials. Electrochemically induced property tuning has recently emerged as a promising pathway in this direction making use of nanophase materials with a high fraction of electrode-electrolyte interfaces. The present letter reports on electrochemical property tuning of porous nanocrystalline Pt.

Beneficial effects of a novel agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Background And Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by enhanced pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy and increased right ventricular systolic pressure. Here, we investigated the effects of a N-acylhydrazone derivative, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-N-methyl-benzoylhydrazide (LASSBio-1359), on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Experimental Approach: PAH was induced in male Wistar rats by a single i.

Sepsis-surviving mice are more susceptible to a secondary kidney insult.

Objective: It is well known that sepsis causes damage in different organs, including kidneys. However, few studies have been conducted on the magnitude of the long-term effects of sepsis on the surviving population, in particular, in relation to kidney disease. In this study, we examined the impact of long-term effects of sepsis on a second kidney insult.

Impact of phonological processing skills on written language acquisition in illiterate adults.

Illiteracy remains a world-wide problem not only for children but also for adults. Phonological processing has been defined as a crucial factor for the acquisition of written language, which usually occurs in childhood. However, it is unclear to what extent phonological processing is necessary in order for adults to acquire written language skills.

Experimental observation of preferential solvation on a radical ion pair using MARY spectroscopy.

The effect of preferential solvation on the exciplex luminescence detected magnetic field effect has been studied using magnetic-field-effect-on-reaction-yield (MARY) spectroscopy. By designing solvent mixtures which can provide a micro-environment around the magneto-sensitive radical ion pair (RIP) from highly heterogeneous to quasi-homogenous, the effect of the polarity scan on an absolute magnetic field effect (χ(E)) and B(1/2) (the field value marking half saturation) has been studied on the system 9,10-dimethylanthracene (fluorophore)/N,N'-dimethylaniline (quencher). While the trend in χ(E) (although with subtle differences) follows the usual norm of passing through maxima with increasing polarity, the B(1/2) values show either a large monotonic decrease (for heterogeneous solvents) or remain constant (for quasi-homogenous systems) with increasing polarity.

Discerning temporal expectancy effects in script processing: evidence from pupillary and eye movement recordings.

Accessing the temporal position of events (early or late in the event sequence) can influence the generation of predictions about upcoming events. However, it is unclear how the temporal position is processed strategically. To investigate this, we presented event pairs to 23 healthy volunteers manipulating temporal order (chronological, inverse) and temporal position (early, late).

High pressure ESR studies of electron self-exchange reactions of organic radicals in solution.

Simple electron self-exchange reactions are often used to study the role of the reaction medium on a chemical process, commonly implying the use of various solvents with different physical properties. In principle, similar studies may be conducted using a single solvent, changing its physical properties by application of elevated pressures, but so far only little information is available on pressure dependent exchange reactions. In this work, we have used a recently constructed high pressure apparatus for use with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to investigate simple electron self-exchange reactions involving 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and their respective radical anions as well as TMPPD and its radical cation in three different solvents.

(Na+ + K+)-ATPase is a target for phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and protein kinase C pathways triggered by albumin.

In recent decades, evidence has confirmed the crucial role of albumin in the progression of renal disease. However, the possible role of signaling pathways triggered by physiologic concentrations of albumin in the modulation of proximal tubule (PT) sodium reabsorption has not been considered. In the present work, we have shown that a physiologic concentration of albumin increases the expression of the α1 subunit of (Na(+) + K(+))-ATPase in LLC-PK1 cells leading to an increase in enzyme activity.