Lymphovascular invasion is associated with doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), the invasion of tumor within the lymphatic or vascular space, is an early indicator of potential metastasis, with its presence in breast cancer independently predicting poorer outcomes even after neoadjuvant therapy. However, a major limitation is that LVI detection currently relies on post-surgical evaluation. To address this, we determined whether LVI breast tumors contain a unique gene signature that could facilitate earlier detection.