Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease typically characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in overall cognitive function. Usually manifesting in individuals over the age of 60, this is the most prevalent type of dementia and remains the fifth leading cause of death among Americans aged 65 and older. While the development of effective treatment and prevention for AD is a major healthcare goal, unfortunately, therapeutic approaches to date have yet to find a treatment plan that produces long-term cognitive improvement.

ReCODE: A Personalized, Targeted, Multi-Factorial Therapeutic Program for Reversal of Cognitive Decline.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of age-associated cognitive decline, and in the absence of effective therapeutics is progressive and ultimately fatal, creating a dire need for successful prevention and treatment strategies. We recently reported results of a successful proof-of-concept trial, using a personalized, precision medicine protocol, but whether such an approach is readily scalable is unknown.

Objective: In the case of AD, there is not a single therapeutic that exerts anything beyond a marginal, unsustained, symptomatic effect.

Revealing enigmatic mucus structures in the deep sea using DeepPIV.

Many animals build complex structures to aid in their survival, but very few are built exclusively from materials that animals create . In the midwaters of the ocean, mucoid structures are readily secreted by numerous animals, and serve many vital functions. However, little is known about these mucoid structures owing to the challenges of observing them in the deep sea.

Systematic differences in electrochemical reduction of the structurally characterized anti-cancer platinum(IV) complexes [Pt{((p-HC6F4)NCH2)2}-(pyridine)2Cl2], [Pt{((p-HC6F4)NCH2)2}(pyridine)2(OH)2], and [Pt{((p-HC6F4)NCH2)2}(pyridine)2(OH)Cl].

The putative platinum(IV) anticancer drugs, [Pt{((R)NCH(2))(2)}(py)(2)XY] (X,Y=Cl, R=p-HC(6)F(4) (1a), C(6)F(5) (1b); X,Y=OH, R=p-HC(6)F(4) (2); X=Cl, Y=OH, R=p-HC(6)F(4) (3), py = pyridine) have been prepared by oxidation of the Pt(II) anticancer drugs [Pt{((R)NCH(2))(2)}(py)(2)] (R=p-HC(6)F(4) (4a) or C(6)F(5) (4b)) with PhICl(2) (1a,b), H(2)O(2) (2) and PhICl(2)/Bu(4)NOH (3). NMR spectroscopy and the X-ray crystal structures of 1b, 2 and 3 show that they have octahedral stereochemistry with the X,Y ligands in the trans-position. The net two electron electrochemical reduction of 1a, 2 and 3 has been studied by voltammetric, spectroelectrochemical and bulk electrolysis techniques in acetonitrile.

Photocatalytic growth and plasmon resonance-assisted photoelectrochemical toppling of upright Ag nanoplates on a nanoparticulate TiO2 film.

Triangular and hexagonal Ag nanoplates deposited on a TiO(2) film in a mostly vertical orientation topple under visible light, resulting in a decrease of extinction at the excitation wavelength and increase at longer wavelengths.

Morphologies and surface plasmon resonance properties of monodisperse bumpy gold nanoparticles.

The influence of the morphology of gold nanoparticles on the surface plasmon resonance was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Highly monodisperse bumpy gold nanoparticles of increasing size were synthesized, and the surface plasmon resonance wavelength shifted to longer wavelengths more rapidly with increasing particle size for bumpy particles than for spherical gold nanoparticles. The detailed surface morphology of bumpy gold nanoparticles was characterized by AFM, TEM, and SEM, and the optical properties were investigated on a single particle level.

Effects of adsorbed water on plasmon-based dissolution, redeposition and resulting spectral changes of Ag nanoparticles on single-crystalline TiO2.

Ag nanoparticles photocatalytically deposited on single-crystalline TiO(2)(111) and (100) surfaces exhibit visible light-induced topographic and spectral changes corresponding to the light wavelength. A certain amount of adsorbed water on the surface is essential for the changes. The photoinduced behaviors strongly depend on the amount of the adsorbed water and on interparticle spacing, indicating that ionic conductivity on the TiO(2) surface is a key factor.

Nanostructure of silver metal produced photocatalytically in TiO2 films and the mechanism of the resulting photochromic behavior.

The optical activity of composite films created by the photocatalytic reduction of silver or gold ions in TiO(2) upon irradiation by UV light has up to now been discussed in terms of the formation and light-induced destruction of distinct nanoparticles molded inside the porous nanocrystalline film. We present results from classical light scattering calculations and a logical analysis of experimental observations to add detail to the mechanism. As opposed to large, solid metal nanoparticles, coatings and small particles in heterogeneous external dielectric environments account for observations such as the broad optical spectrum and multiwavelength photochromic responses.

Synthesis of silver nanodisks using polystyrene mesospheres as templates.

We report the synthesis of Ag nanodisk using polystyrene mesospheres as templates. TEM measurements show that the average disk thickness is 9.0 +/- 1.