Short-chain fatty acid metabolites propionate and butyrate are unique epigenetic regulatory elements linking diet, metabolism and gene expression.

The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate have beneficial health effects, are produced in large amounts by microbial metabolism and have been identified as unique acyl lysine histone marks. To better understand the function of these modifications, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to map the genome-wide location of four short-chain acyl histone marks, H3K18pr, H3K18bu, H4K12pr and H4K12bu, in treated and untreated colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal cells as well as in mouse intestines in vivo. We correlate these marks with open chromatin regions and gene expression to access the function of the target regions.

Dynamic human gut microbiome and immune shifts during an immersive psychosocial intervention program.

Background: Although depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder-particularly those involving the gut microbiome-are poorly understood.

Method: To investigate, we conducted a community-based observational study to explore complex associations between changes in the gut microbiome, cytokine levels, and depression symptoms in 52 participants (M = 49.56, SD = 13.

Predicting mental health treatment outcomes using latent growth mixture models and machine learning in a real-world clinical setting.

Previous models of depression outcomes have been limited by symptom heterogeneity within populations. This study conducted a retrospective analysis using latent growth mixture models to identify heterogeneous trajectories within a clinical population, subsequently developing machine learning models to predict clinical outcomes based on baseline characteristics and symptom measures. The study analyzed approximately 15,000 clients aged 18-89 in a real-world clinical setting, treated for up to 180-days between 2015 and 2020.

Multiomic analysis of familial adenomatous polyposis reveals molecular pathways associated with early tumorigenesis.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic disease causing hundreds of premalignant polyps in affected persons and is an ideal model to study transitions of early precancer states to colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed deep multiomic profiling of 93 samples, including normal mucosa, benign polyps and dysplastic polyps, from six persons with FAP. Transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed a dynamic choreography of thousands of molecular and cellular events that occur during precancerous transitions toward cancer formation.

Evaluation of X-ray fluorescence for analysing critical elements in three electronic waste matrices: A comprehensive comparison of analytical techniques.

As the drive towards recycling electronic waste increases, demand for rapid and reliable analytical methodology to analyse the metal content of the waste is increasing, e.g. to assess the value of the waste and to decide the correct recycling routes.

Weight Update in Ferroelectric Memristors with Identical and Nonidentical Pulses.

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) are a class of memristor which promise low-power, scalable, field-driven analog operation. In order to harness their full potential, operation with identical pulses is targeted. In this paper, several weight update schemes for FTJs are investigated, using either nonidentical or identical pulses, and with time delays between the pulses ranging from 1 μs to 10 s.

Addressing Bias in the Occupational Therapy Admissions Process.

This study investigated the impact of a workshop in reducing unconscious bias in admissions committee members of an occupational therapy program to determine if workshop participation increased the number of underrepresented students in the program. A convenience sample of 50 committee members was used. A Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test indicated a significant increase in the post-test survey question scores.

Dynamic Human Gut Microbiome and Immune Shifts During an Immersive Psychosocial Therapeutic Program.

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide yet its underlying factors, particularly microbial associations, are poorly understood.

Methods: We examined the longitudinal interplay between the microbiome and immune system in the context of depression during an immersive psychosocial intervention. 142 multi-omics samples were collected from 52 well-characterized participants before, during, and three months after a nine-day inquiry-based stress reduction program.

Comparison of telehealth and in-person mental health care in military veterans and active-duty service members.

Telehealth services are increasingly utilized to improve mental health care access for active-duty service members (ADSM) and military veterans. This article examines mental health outcomes for veterans ( = 4,536) and ADSMs ( = 378) who met diagnostic criteria for depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder ( = 4,914) and were treated at Cohen Veterans Network Clinics using either telehealth or in-person treatment modalities. Results demonstrate small but statistically significant advantages for telehealth in terms of discharge scores, rates of clinically significant change, and efficiency of treatment.

The Relationship between Cognitive Factors and Noncognitive Factors, Including Grit, and NBCOT® Exam Performance.

This retrospective study examined the predictive ability of cognitive and non-cognitive factors, including grit, on first attempt pass rate on the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy exam. A convenience sample of 226 graduates from six cohorts of one occupational therapy program was used. Binary logistic regression revealed that grit was not a significant predictor.

Short-chain fatty acid metabolites propionate and butyrate are unique epigenetic regulatory elements linking diet, metabolism and gene expression.

The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) propionate and butyrate have beneficial health effects, are produced in large amounts by microbial metabolism and have been identified as unique acyl lysine histone marks. In order to better understand the function of these modifications we used ChIP-seq to map the genome-wide location of four short-chain acyl histone marks H3K18pr, H3K18bu, H4K12pr and H4K12bu in treated and untreated colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal cells, as well as in mouse intestines . We correlate these marks with open chromatin regions along with gene expression to access the function of the target regions.

The World Rugby and International Rugby Players Contact Load Guidelines: From conception to implementation and the future.

Managing training load in rugby union is crucial for optimising performance and injury prevention. Contact training warrants attention because of higher overall injury and head impact risk, yet players must develop physical, technical, and mental skills to withstand the demands of the game. To help coaches manage contact loads in professional rugby, World Rugby and International Rugby Players convened an expert working group.

Replacing Fertilizer with Dried Distillers' Grains in Stocker Cattle Systems on Southern Great Plains Old World Bluestem, USA.

The objective was to examine the effects of dried distillers' grains supplementation and fertilization strategies on the cattle performance and resource use efficiency of stocker cattle grazing on Plains Old World bluestem. Over 4 consecutive years, heifers and steers (average n = 239) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) low input, low stocking density, and no fertilizer or distillers grains supplementation (LOW); (2) high stocking density and no fertilizer with distillers grains supplementation (DDGS); (3) high stocking density and 90 kg of nitrogen/ha with no distillers grains supplementation (NFERT); (4) high stocking density, 90 kg of nitrogen/ha, and 39 kg of phosphorus/ha with no distillers grains supplementation (NPFERT). Cattle grazed in the pastures from mid-May to mid-September each year, except for 2011, when the experiment ended in July due to lack of forage.

How COVID-19 impacted people with disabilities: A qualitative study in Delaware.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for people with disabilities and their caregivers and service providers. An assessment of how the COVID-19 pandemic, and the public health response to it, inequitably impacted the health and well-being of people with disabilities is needed to improve preparedness for future public health emergencies. Interviews were conducted with the goal of documenting the impacts of COVID-19 on community-dwelling individuals in Delaware.

Multi-omics approaches in psychoneuroimmunology and health research: Conceptual considerations and methodological recommendations.

The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has grown substantially in both relevance and prominence over the past 40 years. Notwithstanding its impressive trajectory, a majority of PNI studies are still based on a relatively small number of analytes. To advance this work, we suggest that PNI, and health research in general, can benefit greatly from adopting a multi-omics approach, which involves integrating data across multiple biological levels (e.

Characterisation of gas cell reactions for 70+ elements using NO for ICP tandem mass spectrometry measurements.

One widely utilised method to reduce spectral interferences for measurements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is to employ the use of a reaction cell gas. Nitrous oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gas typically used for mass-shifting only target analytes to a higher mass-to-charge ratio with increased sensitivity ( +16, +32, +48 amu for monoxide, dioxide, and trioxide product ions respectively). Traditionally, the use of NO was limited to selected applications due to the creation of new interferences that also interfere with the detected masses of interest.

Toward Nonvolatile Spin-Orbit Devices: Deposition of Ferroelectric Hafnia on Monolayer Graphene/Co/HM Stacks.

While technologically challenging, the integration of ferroelectric thin films with graphene spintronics potentially allows the realization of highly efficient, electrically tunable, nonvolatile memories through control of the interfacial spin-orbit driven interaction occurring at graphene/Co interfaces deposited on heavy metal supports. Here, the integration of ferroelectric HfZrO on graphene/Co/heavy metal epitaxial stacks is investigated via the implementation of several nucleation methods in atomic layer deposition. By employing in situ AlO as a nucleation layer sandwiched between HfZrO and graphene, the HfZrO demonstrates a remanent polarization (2Pr) of 19.

Defining priorities for emergency medical services education research: A modified Delphi study.

Objective: As out-of-hospital medicine evolves, emergency medical services (EMS) education practices must also be updated to ensure that EMS professionals acquire and maintain the skills needed to best serve patients. We aimed to identify and rank the top 10 research priorities related to EMS education in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a convenience survey of EMS educators to identify challenges facing EMS education before leveraging a purposefully selected panel of EMS educators to prioritize research gaps through a modified Delphi approach.

Determination of 48 elements in 7 plant CRMs by ICP-MS/MS with a focus on technology-critical elements.

Seven plant certified reference materials (NIST SRM1515 Apple Leaves, NIST SRM1547 Peach Leaves, BCR-129 Hay Powder, BCR-670 Aquatic Plant, GBW07603 Bush Twigs and Leaves, GBW10015 Spinach Leaves and NCS ZC73036a Green Tea) were analysed for their mass fractions of 48 elements by inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS): Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Te, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ta, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U. Special focus was put on the determination of technology-critical elements (TCEs), to which, e.g.

Reduced fatigue and leakage of ferroelectric TiN/HfZrO/TiN capacitors by thin alumina interlayers at the top or bottom interface.

HfZrO(HZO) thin films are promising candidates for non-volatile memory and other related applications due to their demonstrated ferroelectricity at the nanoscale and compatibility with Si processing. However, one reason that HZO has not been fully scaled into industrial applications is due to its deleterious wake-up and fatigue behavior which leads to an inconsistent remanent polarization during cycling. In this study, we explore an interfacial engineering strategy in which we insert 1 nm AlOinterlayers at either the top or bottom HZO/TiN interface of sequentially deposited metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors.

Timing and safety of hip fracture surgery in patients on direct-acting oral anticoagulants.

Background: Many geriatric patients presenting for emergency hip fracture surgery are on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) most of which are not easily reversible. A safe policy was required to reduce delays to surgery. Prior to institution of our hospital's protocol in January 2021, most of these patients had surgery after 48 h following the last dose of DOAC due to concerns about increased perioperative blood loss.