A prospective study of breast dynamic morphological changes after dual-plane augmentation mammaplasty with 3D scanning technique.

Background: The dual-plane technique has been widely used in augmentation mammaplasty procedures. However, there are some concerns about aesthetic contour maintenance for long time after muscle releasing. This study aims to track and analyze breast dynamic morphological changes after dual-plane breast augmentation with three-dimensional (3D) scanning technique.

[Digital evaluation of breast symmetry with 3D scanning technique].

Objective: To establish a standard method for digital evaluation of breast symmetry with 3D scanning technique.

Methods: From January 2009 to July 2010, 167 patients received 3D scanning before breast augmentation. The coordinate system was established and the 3D reconstructed breast models were analyzed by software.

Hemodynamic effect of different kinds of venous augmentation in a pig transmidline flap model of DIEP flap.

Background: Venous augmentation enhances the viability of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. We compared the efficacy of three venous superdrainage procedures on survival area and hemodynamics of the DIEP flap model.

Methods: In 24 castrated Yorkshire pigs, a true abdominal perforator-based flap was created based on four perforators arising from the deep superior epigastric vessels.

Functional annotation of the microRNA-mediated network in gigantomastia by integrating microRNA and mRNA expression profiling.

Background: Gigantomastia is the overdevelopment of the female mammary gland, and it causes great physiological and psychological burdens to patients. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in gigantomastia is needed to develop less invasive and more effective medical treatments. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNAs that play an important regulatory role at the post-transcriptional level.

A minimally invasive gradual traction technique for inverted nipple correction.

Background: An inverted nipple affects not only the aesthetic appearance of the breast but also breastfeeding. Most surgical procedures can cause injury to normal lactiferous ducts and sensory dysfunction. The authors present a simple, safe, and minimally invasive technique for treating inverted nipples.

An innovative method for intraoperative shaping and positioning of the nipple-areola complex in reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy.

Unlabelled: Issues of hypertrophic circumareolar scars and malpositioning or irregularity of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) are frequently associated with breast reduction or mastopexy techniques that rely on an ample excision of skin around the areola, either alone or associated with a vertical incision. To avoid such problems, many efforts have been made to improve the accuracy of preoperative marking for the future NAC. However, the correct design and position of the NAC may be difficult to achieve for the patient at the end of the procedure after closure of the skin incisions.

Transmidline abdominal skin flap model in pig: refinements and advancements.

Abdominal flaps have recently gained considerable popularity in breast reconstruction, and their importance and advantages have been widely accepted. Given the unreliability of the distal parts in these flaps and the advancement of microsurgery, many modifications and improvements have been made. To get a better understanding of these flaps, researchers have encouraged the search for a suitable flap model.

Repetitive arterial crisis of deep inferior epigastric perforator flap after mental stress: a case report.

The authors report a case of mental stress-induced repeatedly failing microsurgical flap. A 33-year-old female patient underwent a left breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Repetitive arterial crisis occurred postoperatively, which eventually led to flap necrosis.

The efficacy of preoperative vascular mapping by MDCTA in selecting flap in abdominal flap breast reconstruction.

Current methods of breast reconstruction using abdominal tissue include the transverse abdominal myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, deep inferior epigastric arterial perforator (DIEP) flap, superficial inferior epigastric arterial (SIEA) flap, and some other composite flaps. Because of the variant vascular anatomy in abdominal region, it is hard to choose an appropriate flap for a specific patient without accurate preoperative vascular mapping. This study was drawn to address the efficacy of preoperative vascular mapping by multidetector-row computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) in selecting flap in abdominal flap breast reconstruction.

[Application of MDCT angiography for breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps].

Objective: To investigate the significance of preoperative MDCT angiography for breast reconstruction with abdominal flap.

Methods: Preoperative MDCT angiography scans were performed on 34 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps during December 2006 to June 2009. The operation was designed based on the MDCT results.

The role of three-dimensional scanning technique in evaluation of breast asymmetry in breast augmentation: a 100-case study.

Background: Three-dimensional scanning offers new opportunities to enable objective and quantitative analysis of the breast. The authors introduce an innovative method of performing a thorough analysis of breast asymmetry by means of three-dimensional scanning.

Methods: One hundred breast augmentation patients underwent preoperative three-dimensional scanning.

The relationship between the thickness of de-epithelialization and occurrence of sebaceous cysts at the incision site after mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty.

Periareolar sebaceous cysts at the incision site after mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty are very unpleasant complications that affect the surgical result and the degree of patient satisfaction. The author sought to investigate the cause and prevention of such sebaceous cysts. Sixty patients undergoing mastopexy or reduction mammaplasty were randomly divided into 2 groups.

Needing a large DIEAP flap for unilateral breast reconstruction: double-pedicle flap and unipedicle flap with additional venous discharge.

Background: In selected cases a four zone-deep inferior epigastric artery perfortor (DIEAP) flap is needed for unilateral breast reconstruction. It may happen in patients with a midline scar of the abdomen or with minimal abdominal tissue, as well as in case the recipient site needs a big amount of tissue for the breast reconstruction. The purpose of this paper is to describe two options: to raise an unipedicle DIEAP flap including large size medially located perforator/s with an additional venous outflow, or to raise a double-pedicle DIEAP flap.

The value of multidetector-row CT angiography for pre-operative planning of breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric arterial perforator flaps.

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap has recently become the first option for breast reconstruction. However, the anatomy of the deep inferior epigastric artery varies greatly from one individual to another and even from one hemiabdomen to the other. An optimal pre-operative evaluation method that adequately maps the underlying vasculature has been lacking.

Breast augmentation by autologous fat injection grafting: management and clinical analysis of complications.

Autologous fat is an excellent soft-tissue filler, given its abundance and ease of harvest. Nevertheless, the technique is accompanied by postoperative complications such as fat necrosis, calcification, and sclerotic nodules. These problems directly influence surgical efficacy.

Transaxillary dual-plane augmentation mammaplasty: experience with 98 breasts.

The dual plane technique is a popular procedure for breast augmentation. However, traditional dual-plane augmentation mammaplasty usually requires incisions through the areola or inframammary crease, which produces a scar on the breast. Therefore, women may not favour this technique, especially Chinese women who are genetically susceptible to hyperplastic scars.

[Repeated operation for removement of polyacrylamide hydrogel from breast].

Objective: To investigate the technique of repeated operation for removement of polyacrylamide hydrogel from breast.

Methods: 17 cases after uncomplete removement of PHG were reoperated through inferior periareolar incision. The PHG and affected denatured muscle and gland tissue were removed.

[Nipple-areolar reconstruction with the modified arrow flap].

Objective: To introduce the clinical experience of nipple-areolar reconstruction with the modified arrow flap.

Methods: The arrow flaps were modified for nipple-areolar reconstruction in 12 cases. Among them, 2 cases were treated with combined thin split-thickness skin graft; 4 cases with autologous rib implant and tattoo; 6 cases with tattoo.

[Retrospective analysis of complications of breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel in 90 cases].

Objective: To discuss the complications of breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel (PAHG) in order to avoid further injury by taking treatment at the right moment.

Methods: 90 patients with some side-effects after breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel had been undergone the treatment in our hospital from 1999 to 2006. Their clinical data were analyzed.

[Breast reconstruction with a combined skin flap of DIEP and TRAM].

Objective: To evaluate breast reconstruction with a combined skin flap of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM).

Methods: The DIEP and TRAM united flap was elevated with the vessel pedicle of the deep inferior epigastric perforator on the affected side and the rectus abdominis muscle pedicle on the intact side. The reconstructive breast was shaped after the deep inferior epigastric vessels were anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels or the thoracodorsal vessels ipsilaterally.

[Anatomy study of superior and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap].

Objective: To find anatomic basis for clinically modifying technique of harvesting superior and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap, in order to avoid muscle lossing in conventional superior and inferior myocutaneous flaps, keep the advantage such as large rich supplied volume soft tissue.

Methods: 5 cases 10 sides adult cadaver were used to study the numbers, position, Course of superior and inferior gluteal artery perforators. The position of perforators was located by ultrasound Doppler in 6 cases and 12 sides in patient's superior and inferior gluteal area.

[A study of incision pattern and pedicles in reduction mammaplasty].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, indication, advantage and disadvantage of methods for reduction mammaplasty.

Methods: Thirty one cases with breast hypertrophy received reduction mammaplasty using various incisions and pedicles. Based on the follow-up of the cases, the appearance, nipple-areola complex sensory function and scars were evaluated.