Associations between serum potassium and sodium levels and risk of hypertension: a community-based cohort study.

Objective: Several studies have examined the relationships between dietary potassium and sodium and hypertension, but few have evaluated the association between serum potassium or sodium and risk of incident hypertension. We therefore investigated the associations between serum potassium and sodium and risk of incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population.

Methods: A total of 839 normotensive individuals without cardiovascular disease from the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study who took part in the baseline examination in 2007-2008 and the follow-up survey in 2012-2013 were included in this study.

[Impact of gender on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and association with known cardiovascularrisk factors].

Objective: To explore the impact of gender on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) activity and association with known cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Participants in this study were recruited from Beijing sub-cohort from the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS) database. A total of 1471 participants with complete laboratory data were included in the study (688 male).

Use of traditional Chinese medicine in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective: To study the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or both TCM and guideline-recommended Western medicine (WM) in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide survey of 2803 CHD outpatients was completed by collecting information, including general demographic data, disease history, and use of drugs (including TCM and WM).

Results: Of the 2712 CHD outpatients with complete drug treatment data, only 3.

[Association between glucose level and carotid plaque among 50 - 79 year olds from the communities].

Objective: To investigate the association between fasting blood glucose levels and the prevalence of carotid plaque in a community-based population of Beijing and to further explore the association between fasting glucose levels concomitant wand other cardiovascular risk factors as well as the prevalence of carotid plaque.

Methods: This study was a part of the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study conducted in the communities of Beijing University in 2007. All the members aged 50 - 79 years from the community were recruited, with 1046 of them qualified as without missing data.

[The epidemiology of out-of-hospital deaths due to acute coronary events in young Beijing adults].

Objectives: To explore the characteristics of status and different populations of prehospital death associated with acute coronary events among young adults in Beijing.

Methods: Data of acute coronary events of hospitalization or death were obtained from the Hospital Discharge Information System from Beijing Public Health Information Center and Death Register System from Beijing Center for Disease Control in Beijing. The total case fatality rate of acute coronary events and proportion of prehospital coronary heart disease (CHD) death were compared upon gender, area, occupation and marital status among people aged between 25 - 45 years old.

[Association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in serum and the 5-year-accumulative-risk of diabetes].

Objective: To analyze the association between hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) levels in serum and the 5-year-accumulative-risk of diabetes in a general population.

Methods: Participants were from the cohort of Peking University residential community in the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS). Two surveys on cardiovascular risk factors and the measurements of serum hs-CRP levels were conducted in 2002 and 2007, respectively.

[Real world use of statins for secondary prevention in patients with high risk coronary heart disease in China].

Objective: To observe the real world statins use for secondary prevention in patients with high risk coronary heart disease (CHD) in China.

Methods: Sixty-four hospitals across 31 provinces of China including 32 secondary hospitals and 32 tertiary hospitals were selected for baseline survey. Fifty consecutive outpatients with established history of acute coronary syndrome were recruited in each hospital.

[Relationship between serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and incidence of cardiovascular disease].

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum non-HDL-C and incidence of various cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chinese population aged 35-64 years.

Methods: This prospective study was performed from 1992 to 2004 in 11 provinces of China and the association between baseline non-HDL-C level with the risk of various CVD events was analyzed in 29 937 subjects aged 35-64 years using Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression. CVD events in this study including acute coronary events (ACE), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD).

[Association between the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance].

Objective: To explore the association between risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and insulin resistance in a cross-sectional study.

Methods: An investigation on risk factors of CVD was carried out using stratified-random sampling method among 1475 participants in Beijing. Homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA) was calculated to assess the insulin resistance in 1359 non-diabetic subjects aged 25 - 64 years.

[Association between body mass index and ten-year-accumulative-risk of hypertension].

Objective: To explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and ten-year accumulative risk of hypertension.

Methods: A prospective study of relationship between blood pressure and other traditional risk factors was carried out in a cohort with 2115 people aged 35-64 years old involved, in 1992 and 2002. The association between baseline BMI level and a ten-year accumulative risk of hypertension was analyzed.

[Association between hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular events in adult Beijing residents: a cohort study].

Objective: To analyze the impact of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on cardiovascular events (CVD) in adult Beijing residents.

Methods: CVD risk factor survey was conducted in 7023 Beijing residents aged 25 - 64 by a stratified-random sample design from 1984 to 1993 in three years interval. CVD events were followed up and the association of the hypertensive LVH and risk of CVD and total death was analyzed by multivariable Cox Regression Model.

[Serum triglyceride is an independent risk factor for acute coronary heart disease events in 35 - 64 years old Chinese-Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study.].

Objective: To evaluate the association between serum triglyceride (TG) and the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk in Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 30, 378 men and women aged 35 - 64 years old were recruited in the Chinese-Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS). The serum TG and other CVD risk factors were measured.

[Predictive value of combined measurements of body mass index and waist circumference for the risk of cardiovascular disease].

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the combined measurements of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for the risk of cardiometabolic diseases (including diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) and ischemic cardiovascular disease.

Method: A total of 30,378 Chinese people from 11 provinces were studied in this prospective study conducted from 1992 to 2003. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were used respectively to determine the predictive value of WC for cardiometabolic diseases and ischemic cardiovascular disease within each BMI categories.

[The association between white blood cell count and 10-year cardiovascular risk in a large Chinese cohort aged 35-64 years].

Objective: To evaluate the association between white blood cell count and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in subjects aged 35 - 64 years.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out in 11 provinces from 1992 to 2003. The association of baseline white blood cell count and cardiovascular disease occurrence was analyzed in 30 384 subjects aged 35 - 64 years using Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression.

[Association between plasma fibrinogen concentration and ten-year change in blood pressure].

Objective: To explore the association between plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration and ten-year change in blood pressure in Chinese population aged 35 - 64.

Methods: A prospective cohort comprising 2683 subjects was established in Beijing in 1992. Blood pressure (BP) and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 1992 and 2002 respectively, and plasma FIB concentration was measured in 1992.

[Incidence risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with specific combinations regarding the metabolic syndrome components].

Objective: To investigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence related to different combinations of the metabolic syndrome (MS) components.

Methods: A total of 30,378 subjects aged 35 to 64 years were recruited from 11 provinces in a Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study and followed-up for new CVD) from 1992 to 2004. MS was defined under the new criteria 'Preventive Guideline of Dyslipidemia for Chinese Adults', issued in 2007.

[Correlation between serum uric acid and insulin resistance].

Objective: To assess the correlation between serum uric acid and insulin resistance in natural population of Beijing.

Methods: 1 056 people without-diabetes, 460 males and 596 females, aged 35-64 was selected from the natural population in Beijing using stratified-random sampling method. Serum uric acid, fasting blood glucose, insulin and other metabolic parameters were measured.

[A cross-sectional study on cognitive function and influencing factors in patients with hypertension].

Objective: To compare the differences of cognitive functions in patients with hypertension and normotensives, and to analyze the primary influencing factors on cognitive functions.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in two community populations of Beijing in 2001. The study subjects consisted of 83 hypertensive individuals aged 50-65 years, who were both stroke and dementia-free, the control group was chosen with 83 normotensives who were matched one by one with hypertensive individuals on age, sex, educational level and occupation.

[Relationship between metabolic syndrome and 10-year risk for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To analyze the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components at baseline to the 10-year incidence of diabetes mellitus.

Methods: An investigation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory examination, was carried out in the populations of 4154 subjects, aged 35 approximately 64, in 2 communities (Peking University and Capital Iron and Steel Company area) collected by cluster sampling in the year 1992, with a response rate of 82.0%, so as to obtain baseline data.

[A comparison of three diagnostic criterions for metabolic syndrome applied in a Chinese population aged 35-64 in 11 provinces].

Objective: To compare the differences of three diagnostic criterions for metabolic syndrome( MS), issued by the National Cholesterol Education Program(NECP), International Diabetes Federation(IDF) and CDS,in a Chinese population aged 35-64 years in 11 provinces.

Methods: A total of 29 564 Chinese resedents aged 35-64 years were recruited from 11 provinces and a survey on cardiovascular risk factors was conducted in 1992. Additionally,3129 participants were added into the study from 1996 to 1999.

[Impact of new criterion of glucose level on the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of lowering the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) cutoff point for the criterion of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the 2003 ADA guideline on the prevalence of IFG and risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD) associated with IFG in Chinese population.

Method: A prospective study was carried out in 11 provinces from 1992 to 2003. The baseline survey was conducted according to the WHO-MONICA protocol for risk factor surveys.

[Risk factors comparison in Chinese patients developing acute coronary syndrome, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke: a multi-provincial cohort study].

Objective: To observe the risk factors characteristic of patients developing acute coronary syndrome, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in a Chinese population aged 35 - 64 (n = 30 378).

Method: This prospective study was carried out in 11 provinces in China from 1992 to 2003. The association between baseline risk factors and events in the 10-year follow-up period was analyzed.

[Serum total cholesterol and 10-year cardiovascular risk in a Chinese cohort aged 35-64 years].

Objective: To evaluate the association between serum total cholesterol (TC) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in subjects aged 35-64 years.

Methods: This prospective study was performed from 1992 to 2002 in 11 provinces of China and the association between baseline TC level and the development of cardiovascular diseases was analyzed in 30 384 subjects aged 35-64 years using Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression.

Results: (1) Compared with the group of TC < 3.

[Association between serum uric acid and triglyceride in a Chinese community].

Objective: To Study the association between the level of serum uric acid and triglyceride in a Chinese population.

Methods: In 1999, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a natural population of Beijing, using stratified-random sampling method. Serum uric acid and triglyceride were measured in 1239 subjects.

[Association between the metabolic syndrome and free fatty acid].

Objective: To explore the association of free fatty acid (FFA) with the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on cardiovascular risk factors was carried out in a natural population of Beijing in 1999, recruited by a stratified-random sampling method. The association of FFA with MS and its components was analyzed in a sample of 997 subjects aged 35-64 years.