PHLDA1 contributes to hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats via inhibiting FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy.

Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the main causes of neonatal brain injury. Mitophagy has been implicated in the degradation of damaged mitochondria and cell survival following neonatal brain HI injury. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1) plays vital roles in the progression of various disorders including the regulation of oxidative stress, the immune responses and apoptosis.

TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator alleviates hypoxia/ischemia-induced microglial pyroptosis and ischemic brain damage.

Our previous studies have demonstrated that TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) can protect neurons after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. However, the role of TIGAR in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) remains unknown. In the present study, 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat models of HIBD were established by permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery followed by 2-hour hypoxia.

[Role of microglial pyroptosis in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage].

Objective: To investigate the role of microglial pyroptosis in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Methods: An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of rat microglial cells were cultured in vitro. Western blot was used to measure the expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after OGD/R.

Antifungal Macrocyclic Trichothecenes from the Insect-Associated Fungus .

Three new macrocyclic trichothecenes possessing rare 6'-ketal moieties, roridoxins A-C (), and five known compounds () were isolated from the insect-associated fungus . Their structures were confirmed by a combination of NMR and HRESIMS data, while their absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis and electronic circular dichroism experiments. Trichothecenes and showed potent antifungal activities against four strains of phytopathogenic fungi.