Preparation of altrenogest soft capsules and their bioequivalence in gilts.

Introduction: Altrenogest (ALT) is widely used to regulate the estrous cycle of sows and mares; however, currently used oral solutions of ALT are deficient in terms of dose accuracy and stability during use. To resolve these problems, we aimed to prepare softgel capsules of ALT with a unit dose equal to the clinically administered dose.

Method: The shell of the softgel capsule was mainly composed of gelatin and glycerol, with titanium dioxide and red iron oxide as masking agents.

Microencapsulated essential oils alleviate diarrhea in weaned piglets by modulating the intestinal microbial barrier as well as not inducing antibiotic resistance: a field research.

Microencapsulated essential oils (MEO)have been used as antibiotic alternatives that can be applied to alleviate diarrhea in weaning piglet. We examined a large group of weaned piglets and incorporated essential oil containing thymol (2%), carvacrol (5%) and cinnamaldehyde (3%) in the feed of weaned piglets on an intensive production farm. The piglets were divided into four groups; Control (no additions) and chlortetracycline (Chl), essential oil (EO) and microencapsulated essential oil (MEO) were fed over a 28-day trial period.

The role of the Piezo1 channel in osteoblasts under cyclic stretching: A study on osteogenic and osteoclast factors.

Objectives: Orthodontic tooth movement is a mechanobiological reaction induced by appropriate forces, including bone remodeling. The mechanosensitive Piezo channels have been shown to contribute to bone remodeling. However, information about the pathways through which Piezo channels affects osteoblasts remains limited.

Skeleton-derived extracellular vesicles in bone and whole-body aging: From mechanisms to potential applications.

The skeleton serves as a supportive and protective organ for the body. As individuals age, their bone tissue undergoes structural, cellular, and molecular changes, including the accumulation of senescent cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in aging through the cellular secretome and have been found to induce or accelerate age-related dysfunction in bones and to contribute further via the circulatory system to the aging of phenotypes of other bodily systems.

M2 macrophages secrete glutamate-containing extracellular vesicles to alleviate osteoporosis by reshaping osteoclast precursor fate.

Osteoclast precursors (OCPs) are thought to commit to osteoclast differentiation, which is accelerated by aging-related chronic inflammation, thereby leading to osteoporosis. However, whether the fate of OCPs can be reshaped to transition into other cell lineages is unknown. Here, we showed that M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2-EVs) could reprogram OCPs to downregulate osteoclast-specific gene expression and convert OCPs to M2 macrophage-like lineage cells, which reshaped the fate of OCPs by delivering the molecular metabolite glutamate.

The interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system: from development to diseases.

The crosstalk between the nerve and stomatognathic systems plays a more important role in organismal health than previously appreciated with the presence of emerging concept of the "brain-oral axis". A deeper understanding of the intricate interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is warranted, considering their significant developmental homology and anatomical proximity, and the more complex innervation of the jawbone compared to other skeletons. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at studies concerning neurodevelopment, craniofacial development, and congenital anomalies that occur when the two systems develop abnormally.

Regulating Chemistry Composition on a Crystal Surface by Introducing a Cation Trapping Agent: A Novel Strategy to Tune Moisture Sensitivity of Crystals.

The crystal moisture sensitivity can be tuned by the chemical composition on the crystal surface. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) crystal is a promising oxidizer for solid propellants. However, its strong moisture sensitivity greatly limits its practical applications.

Fe-Gd Ferromagnetic Cyclic Coordination Cluster [FeGd(teaH)(N)(HO)] with Magnetic Anisotropy─Theory and Experiment.

The synthesis, structural, and magnetic characterization of [FeLn(teaH)(N)(HO)] (Ln = Gd and Y) and the previously reported isostructural Dy analogue are discussed. The commonly held belief that both Fe and Gd can be regarded as isotropic ions is shown to be an oversimplification. This conclusion is derived from the magnetic data for the Y analogue in terms of the zero-field splitting seen for Fe and from the fact that the magnetic data for the new Gd analogue can only be fit employing an additional anisotropy term for the Gd ions.

Intrafibrillar Mineralization and Immunomodulatory for Synergetic Enhancement of Bone Regeneration via Calcium Phosphate Nanocluster Scaffold.

Inspired by the bionic mineralization theory, organic-inorganic composites with hydroxyapatite nanorods orderly arranged along collagen fibrils have attracted extensive attention. Planted with an ideal bone scaffold will contribute greatly to the osteogenic microenvironment; however, it remains challenging to develop a biomimetic scaffold with the ability to promote intrafibrillar mineralization and simultaneous regulation of immune microenvironment in situ. To overcome these challenges, a scaffold containing ultra-small particle size calcium phosphate nanocluster (UsCCP) is prepared, which can enhance bone regeneration through the synergetic effect of intrafibrillar mineralization and immunomodulatory.

Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Homeostasis: Emerging Mediators of Osteoimmune Interactions and Promising Therapeutic Targets.

An imbalance in bone homeostasis results in bone loss and poor healing in bone diseases and trauma. Osteoimmune interactions, as a key contributor to bone homeostasis, depend on the crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast (MSC-OB) and monocyte-macrophage (MC-Mφ) lineages. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be involved in cell-to-cell communication and represent a novel avenue to enhance our understanding of bone homeostasis and to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Accuracy evaluation of cone beam computed tomography applied to measure peri-implant bone thickness in living patients: an ex vivo and in vivo experiment.

Objectives: This study aims to study the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for measuring peri-implant bone thickness in living patients via a novel visualization method (NVM).

Material And Methods: The validity of the NVM was verified ex vivo by measuring the same peri-implant bone thicknesses in bovine ribs by using raw postoperative CBCT (clinical measurement, CM), the visualized fused images obtained using the NVM (visualized fused measurement, VF), and hard tissue sections (gold standard measurement, GS). The NVM was applied by deconstructing the postoperative CBCT model into the Model and Model and replacing it with bone from preoperative CBCT and standard implant models, respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of TCPP-CaMMT Nanocompound and Its Composite with Polypropylene.

Based on the molecular dynamics method, the tris-(1-chloropropan-2yl) phosphate (TCPP)/montmorillonite (MMT) molecular model was established to study the binding energy and microstructure changes in TCPP and MMT. The theoretical simulation results showed that TCPP can enter the MMT layer and increase the layer spacing. From this, an organic intercalated Ca-montmorillonite TCPP-CaMMT was prepared by a very simple direct mixing method using flame retardant TCPP as a modifier.

KLF6 facilitates differentiation of odontoblasts through modulating the expression of P21 in vitro.

Multiple signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in odontogenesis and dental tissue renewal, but the details of these mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of a transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), during the development of murine tooth germ and its function in odontoblastic differentiation. KLF6 was almost ubiquitously expressed in odontoblasts at various stages, and it was co-expressed with P21 (to varying degrees) in mouse dental germ.

Extracellular vesicles derived from neural EGFL-Like 1-modified mesenchymal stem cells improve acellular bone regeneration via the miR-25-5p-SMAD2 signaling axis.

Stem cell based transplants effectively regenerate tissues; however, limitations such as immune rejection and teratoma formation prevent their application. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-mediated acellular tissue regeneration is a promising alternative to stem cell based transplants. Although neural EGFL-like 1 () is known to contribute to the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), it remains unknown whether EVs are involved in this process.

Exosomes Enhance Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation of Initial Bone Marrow Stem Cells on Titanium Surfaces.

Successful osseointegration involves the biological behavior of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on an implant surface; however, the role of BMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes in osseointegration is little known. This study aimed to: (i) explore the interaction force between exosomes (Exo) and cells on a titanium surface; (ii) discuss whether the morphology and biological behavior of BMSCs are affected by exosomes; and (iii) preliminarily investigate the mechanism by which exosomes regulate cells on Ti surface. Exosomes secreted by rat BMSCs were collected by ultracentrifugation and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis.

Di- and Tri-nuclear V and Cr Complexes of Dipyridyltriazoles: Ligand Rearrangements, Mixed Valency and Ferromagnetic Coupling.

The first dinuclear and trinuclear chromium(III) and dinuclear vanadium(III) complexes of --substituted-3,5-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole () ligands have been prepared by solvothermal complexations under inert atmospheres, and characterized. The reactions of Cr and V with ( = amino) resulted in deamination of the ligand and yielded the dinuclear doubly-triazolate bridged complexes [ ( )Cl] () and [ ( )Cl] (). In the case of the Cr complex this bridging results in a rare example of ferromagnetic coupling for a dinuclear Cr compound.

Understanding the Superior Stability of Single-Molecule Magnets on an Oxide Film.

The stability of magnetic information stored in surface adsorbed single-molecule magnets is of critical interest for applications in nanoscale data storage or quantum computing. The present study combines X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, density functional theory and magnetization dynamics calculations to gain deep insight into the substrate dependent relevant magnetization relaxation mechanisms. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the opening of a butterfly-shaped magnetic hysteresis of DyPc molecules on magnesium oxide and a closed loop on the bare silver substrate, while density functional theory shows that the molecules are only weakly adsorbed in both cases of magnesium oxide and silver.

Study on Interaction between Propargyl-Terminated Polybutadiene and Plasticizers Based on Simulation and Experiments.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experimental methods are used to explore the interaction between the propargyl-terminated polybutadiene (PTPB) binder and plasticizers bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal/acetal (BDNPF/A) and dioctyl sebacate (DOS). Flory-Huggins parameters, radial distribution functions, and binding energies between PTPB and plasticizers are calculated using MD simulations. The solubility parameters of PTPB and the plasticizers are calculated by both MD and group contribution method.

NEMO‑binding domain peptide ameliorates inflammatory bone destruction in a Staphylococcus aureus‑induced chronic osteomyelitis model.

Osteomyelitis, which is characterized by progressive inflammatory bone destruction and resorption, is a difficult‑to‑treat infection. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major causes of this disease.

A belt-like one-dimensional Dy chain exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation behavior.

A unique belt-like one-dimensional Dy chain linked through hydroxyl groups was synthesized and structurally characterized. Magnetic studies showed that this Dy chain exhibited significant frequency-dependent ac behavior and clear hysteresis loop below 0.6 K.

The effect of surface immobilized NBD peptide on osteoclastogenesis of rough titanium plates and osseointegration of rough titanium implants in ovariectomized rats .

Successful osseointegration in dental implants depends on balanced activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoporosis up-regulates osteoclast activity, so it is desirable to find effective interventions to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and enhance the osseointegration of implants under these conditions. It has been reported that the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-binding domain (NBD) peptide can prevent osteoclast formation and bone resorption.

Effect of ligand substitution on the SMM properties of three isostructural families of double-cubane MnLn coordination clusters.

Three isostructural lanthanide series with a core of MnMnLn are reported. These three families have the formulae of [MnMnLn(μ-O)(Hedte)(piv)(NO)] {no crystallization solvent, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu (1-4, 6); solv = 3MeCN, Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Y (5, 7-13)}, where Hedte = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine and piv = pivalate; [MnMnLn(μ-O)(Hedte)(benz)(NO)], where benz = benzoate, or [MnMnLn(μ-O)(edteH)(benz)(NO)]·2MeCN {Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy (14-16); and [MnMnLn(μ-O)(edteH)(piv)].solv {solv = 4MeCN, Ln = La (17); solv = 2MeCN·tol·HO, Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb (18-20, 22); solv = 2MeCN·HO, Ln = Gd (21).

Comparison of the Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin Relaxation Phenomenon of Dinuclear Terbium(III) Phthalocyaninato Single-Molecule Magnets Using the Geometric Spin Arrangement.

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of a dinuclear Tb single-molecule magnet (SMM) with two [TbPc] units connected via a fused-phthalocyaninato ligand. The stable and robust complex [(obPc)Tb(Fused-Pc)Tb(obPc)] (1) was characterized by using synchrotron radiation measurements and other spectroscopic techniques (ESI-MS, FT-IR, UV). The magnetic couplings between the Tb ions and the two π radicals present in 1 were explored by means of density functional theory (DFT).