Multimodal integrated intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of more than 5%. Despite extensive research on ADHD in the last 10 to 20 years, effective treat-ments are still lacking. Instead, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous.

Effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with adverse events, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and sleep disturbances, and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients' social functioning.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD.

Methods: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group (methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride) or the non-pharmacological group (parental training, behavior modification, sensory integration therapy, and sand tray therapy), with 45 cases in each group.

Triglyceride-raising APOA5 genetic variants are associated with obesity and non-HDL-C in Chinese children and adolescents.

Background: Although the association between the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) genetic variants and hypertriglyceridemia has been extensively studied, there have been few studies, particularly in children and adolescents, on the association between APOA5 genetic variants and obesity or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels. The objective of this study was to examine whether APOA5 gene polymorphisms affect body mass index (BMI) or plasma non-HDL-C levels in Chinese child population.

Methods: This was a case-control study.

Association between UCP3 gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children.

Aim: To confirm the hypothesis that polymorphisms of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene are associated with the occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: A total of 250 NAFLD patients (147 males and 103 females) and 200 healthy individuals who served as controls (control, 109 males and 91 females), aged between 6 and 16 years were enrolled in this study. The four non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UCP3 gene polymorphisms of rs1726745, rs3781907, rs11235972 and rs1800849, were genotyped using MassArray.

Carotid Intima-media thickness in childhood and adolescent obesity relations to abdominal obesity, high triglyceride level and insulin resistance.

Aim: To investigate risk factors which impact on common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT).

Methods: A total of 86 obese children and adolescents and 22 healthy children and adolescents with normal weight were enrolled. Moreover, 23 of 86 obese children and adolescents were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

[Using three different screening methods to study overweight and simple obesity among children under age 7 in Ningbo city].

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of simple obesity among children under age 7 in Ningbo and to analyze the data regarding body mass index (BMI) from overweight screening under different standards.

Methods: Randomized cluster sampling was adopted and 64 038 children under 7 years old in Ningbo were chosen and their length/height and weight were measured but pathological and secondary obesity cases were excluded. According to the Standardized Height and Weight set by WHO, more than 10% referring to overweight and more than 20% referring to obesity.

[Research on the growth references of height, weight and body mass index for children under 7 years old].

Objective: To understand the varying features and the trend of length/height-for-age, weight-for-age and body mass index(BMI)-for-age of children under six years old in Ningbo city, Zhejiang province.

Methods: By random clustered sampling, 64 038 healthy children under six years old in Ningbo were chosen and their length/height and weight measured. Means, standard deviation and percentiles of length/height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI were calculated by SAS systems.