Systematic mining and quantification reveal the dominant contribution of non-HLA variations to acute graft-versus-host disease.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) disparity between donors and recipients is a key determinant triggering intense alloreactivity, leading to a lethal complication, namely, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), after allogeneic transplantation. Moreover, aGVHD remains a cause of mortality after HLA-matched allogeneic transplantation. Protocols for HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haploHCT) have been established successfully and widely applied, further highlighting the urgency of performing panoramic screening of non-HLA variations correlated with aGVHD.

Outcomes and prognostic factors associated with relapse after haploidentical stem cell transplantation for paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The outcomes are poor for paediatric patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) who relapse after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, studies focusing on paediatric patients with T-ALL following haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT) are limited. We retrospectively identified a consecutive cohort comprising of 128 paediatric T-ALL after haplo-HSCT from 2642 consecutive ALL patients between January 2010 and June 2022.

A novel reduced toxicity conditioning regimen for older myelodysplastic neoplasms patients undergoing haploidentical stem cell transplantation: a prospective cohort study.

A novel reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC) regimen of busulfan, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (Bu/Flu/Cy/ATG) followed by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in older patients with hematologic malignancies has been reported and the results was encouraging. However, the safety and efficacy of this regimen was unknown in older myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) patients. From January 2018 to December 2021, 68 consecutive older patients (aged over 50) using the RTC regimen for T-cell replete haplo-HSCT (RTC group) at our center were eligible, 68 patients aged under 50 using modified busulfan, cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin regimen (Bu/Cy/ATG) (Bu/Cy/ATG group) were randomly selected from 223 MDS patients during the same period in a 1:1 ratio matched-pair analysis for patient sex, World Health Organization (WHO) category, international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) risk group, time from diagnosis to HSCT, chemotherapy in advanced, response after chemotherapy, donor sex, infused mononuclear cells and the CD34-positive cell count.

The haematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index predicts clinical outcomes for severe aplastic anaemia patients after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

To validate the ability of the haematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) to predict the outcomes of patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) receiving haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT), we conducted a retrospective study including 530 SAA patients. Patients were stratified based on their HCT-CI scores into three distinct risk categories: low-risk (HCT-CI scores of 0, n = 343), intermediate-risk (HCT-CI scores of 1, n = 126), and high-risk groups (HCT-CI scores ≥ 2, n = 61). The 100-day platelet engraftment rate was significantly higher in the low-risk group compared to the intermediate-risk and high-risk groups (92.

Efficacy and safety of olverembatinib as maintenance therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Experience using olverembatinib as maintenance therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is limited. We retrospectively collected data from 26 patients with Ph ALL who received only olverembatinib as maintenance therapy after allo-HCT. Olverembatinib was administered as prophylaxis in 18 patients (69.

[Genetic Mutation Profile and Risk Stratification of Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Mutations Based on Multi-Gene Sequencing].

Objective: To evaluate the gene mutation profile and prognostic significance of adult cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) with mutation.

Methods: Targeted sequencing was implemented on the diagnostic bone marrow DNA samples of 141 adult CN-AML subjects with mutation. The nomogram model for leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate was generated by combining genetic abnormalities and clinical data.

Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus intensive chemotherapy in patients with myeloid sarcoma: a nationwide representative multicenter study.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare hematological neoplasm with poor prognosis, posing a significant clinical challenge due to the absence of effective and standardized treatments. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 162 MS patients treated at 12 centers to compare outcomes between intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Our analysis revealed that allo-HSCT demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) within the initial 36 months compared to intensive chemotherapy alone (p = 0.

Letermovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus is associated with risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after haploidentical stem cell transplantation.

Not available.

Treatment of minimal residual disease in myeloid malignancies after allo-HSCT with venetoclax-based regimens in patients ineligible for or failed in the immunotherapy.

Background: Relapse was the major cause of treatment failure in patients with myeloid malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Patients who still suffer from the disease while cannot be detected by morphological analysis can be identified by the minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. The most used first-line regimens for MRD are immunotherapies.

Clinical features and prognostic model for viral encephalitis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The objective of this study was to identify independent prognostic factors of viral encephalitis (VE) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and establish a prognostic model to identify post-transplant VE patients with a greater likelihood of mortality. Among 5380 patients in our centre from 2014 to 2022, 211 patients who developed VE after allo-HSCT were reviewed in this retrospective study. Prognostic factors were selected, and a prognostic model was constructed using Cox regression analysis.

Measurable residual disease testing by next generation sequencing is more accurate compared with multiparameter flow cytometry in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Results of measurable residual disease (MRD)-testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) correlate with relapse risk in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving chemotherapy or an allotransplant from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical relative or HLA-matched unrelated donor. We studied cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and survival prediction accuracy using a NGS-based MRD-assay targeting immunoglobulin genes after 2 courses of consolidation chemotherapy cycles in 93 adults with B-cell ALL most receiving HLA-haplotype-matched related transplants. Prediction accuracy was compared with MRD-testing using multi-parameter flow cytometry (MPFC).

Cytology or Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Positivity in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Before Transplantation is Predictive of Poor Outcomes After Allotransplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

Introduction: Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) remains a serious complication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and an ambiguous prognostic factor for those receiving allo-geneic hematopoiesis stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). It is unknown whether using more sensitive tools, such as multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), to detect blasts in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) would have an impact on outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 1472 AML patients with or without cytology or MFC positivity in the CSF before transplantation.

Basiliximab Treatment for Patients With Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Matched Sibling Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Basiliximab is an important treatment for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD). We performed this retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of basiliximab treatment in SR-aGVHD patients following matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (MSD-HSCT) ( = 63). Overall response rate (ORR) was 63.

COVID-19 was associated with the complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

We aimed to identify the severity and duration of COVID-19 infection on complications after allo-HSCT. Enrolled 179 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were categorized into long-term infection (> 18 days, n = 90) or short-term infection group (≤ 18 days, n = 89) according to the median duration of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 was categorized as asymptomatic infection, mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness according to guidelines of National Institutes of Health.

Plerixafor-based mobilization and mononuclear cell counts in graft increased the risk of engraftment syndrome after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Engraftment syndrome (ES) is one of the most common complications in the early phase after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and we aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for ES patients receiving ASCT in the era of plerixafor-based mobilization. A total of 294 were enrolled, and 16.0% (n = 47) experienced ES after ASCT.