Research on Genotype Markers for Plant Height and Assisted Breeding of Key Sorghum Resources in China.

Dwarfing and the selection of optimal plant types constitute the primary focus of sorghum breeding. However, the lack of clarity regarding the gene types associated with plant height genes in the primary breeding materials has led to increased plant heights in improved offspring of the same plant height type, resulting in unsatisfactory morphological traits. This study aimed to elucidate the gene types related to plant height in breeding materials, validate the regulatory mechanisms, and establish a material improvement system.

Identification of Key Genes Regulating Sorghum Mesocotyl Elongation through Transcriptome Analysis.

Sorghum with longer mesocotyls is beneficialfor improving its deep tolerance, which is important for the seedling rates. Here, we perform transcriptome analysis between four different sorghum lines, with the aim of identifying the key genes regulating sorghum mesocotyl elongation. According to the mesocotyl length (ML) data, we constructed four comparison groups for the transcriptome analysis and detected 2705 common DEGs.

BIN2 phosphorylates the Thr280 of CO to restrict its function in promoting flowering.

CONSTANS (CO) is a central regulator of floral initiation in response to photoperiod. In this study, we show that the GSK3 kinase BIN2 physically interacts with CO and the gain-of-function mutant displays late flowering phenotype through down-regulation of transcription. Genetic analyses show that BIN2 genetically acts upstream of CO in regulating flowering time.

Application of dewatered paper sludge-derived porous solid base catalyst for biodiesel production: Physicochemical properties, reaction kinetics and thermodynamic studies.

A new porous solid base catalyst was prepared using dewatered paper sludge and successfully employed to produce biodiesel from soybean oil. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravity/differential thermal gravity analysis, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, and CO-temperature programmed analysis. The results showed that the formation of CaO and uniformly distributed porous structure should account for the high catalytic activity of the as-prepared catalyst.

Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method.

The energy conversion of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) is typically lower, which seriously restricts the application of EMATs in the field of non-destructive testing and evaluation. In this work, parameters of surface wave EMATs, including structural parameters and electrical parameters, are investigated using the orthogonal test method to improve the transducer's energy conversion efficiency. Based on the established finite element 2-D model of EMATs, the amplitude of the displacement components at the observation point of a plate is the optimization objective to be maximized with five parameters pertaining to the magnets, meander-line coils, and excitation signal as design variables.

The blue light receptor CRY1 interacts with GID1 and DELLA proteins to repress gibberellin signaling and plant growth.

Improvements in plant architecture, such as reduced plant height under high-density planting, are important for agricultural production. Light and gibberellin (GA) are essential external and internal cues that affect plant architecture. In this study, we characterize the direct interaction of distinct receptors that link light and GA signaling in () and wheat ( L.

The c-Abl inhibitor, radotinib induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells via mitochondrial-dependent pathway.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer resulting from accumulated abnormal plasma cells. Unfortunately, MM remains an incurable disease, as relapse is very common. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop new treatment options for MM.

LIGHT (TNFSF14) enhances osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease associated with decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone quality, and it affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, it is treated mainly using antiresorptive and osteoanabolic agents. However, these drugs have severe adverse effects.

Pre-harvest sprouting in cereals: genetic and biochemical mechanisms.

With the growth of the global population and the increasing frequency of natural disasters, crop yields must be steadily increased to enhance human adaptability to risks. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a term mainly used to describe the phenomenon in which grains germinate on the mother plant directly before harvest, is a serious global problem for agricultural production. After domestication, the dormancy level of cultivated crops was generally lower than that of their wild ancestors.

Transcription Factors and 1 Coordinately Regulate Preharvest Sprouting Tolerance in Red Pericarp Rice.

Red pericarp associates with seed dormancy or preharvest sprouting (PHS) tolerance in crops. To identify this association's molecular mechanism, a PHS mutant () was characterized in rice and crossed with Kasalath, a red pericarp cultivar with () genotype. Among the dehulled seeds of F progenies, seeds performed a lower PHS rate than seeds and showed shallower pigmentation than seeds.

CD45CD34CD38CD133 cells have the potential as leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in play an important role in the initiation, relapse, and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in AML. Studies regarding the detection of LSCs and the development of novel therapies for targeting them are extensive. The identification of LSCs and targeting therapies for them has been continuously under investigation.

Radotinib inhibits mitosis entry in acute myeloid leukemia cells via suppression of Aurora kinase A expression.

Aurora kinases play critical roles in regulating several processes pivotal for mitosis. Radotinib, which is approved in South Korea as a second-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, inhibits the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. However, the effects of radotinib on Aurora kinase expression in acute myeloid leukemia are not well studied.

JAZ proteins modulate seed germination through interaction with ABI5 in bread wheat and Arabidopsis.

Appropriate regulation of crop seed germination is of significance for agriculture production. In this study, we show that TaJAZ1, most closely related to Arabidopsis JAZ3, negatively modulates abscisic acid (ABA)-inhibited seed germination and ABA-responsive gene expression in bread wheat. Biochemical interaction assays demonstrate that the C-terminal part containing the Jas domain of TaJAZ1 physically interacts with TaABI5.

De Novo Assembly and Transcriptome Analysis of Wheat with Male Sterility Induced by the Chemical Hybridizing Agent SQ-1.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the world's most important food crops, is a strictly autogamous (self-pollinating) species with exclusively perfect flowers. Male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agents has increasingly attracted attention as a tool for hybrid seed production in wheat; however, the molecular mechanisms of male sterility induced by the agent SQ-1 remain poorly understood due to limited whole transcriptome data.