Undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards incarcerated persons and their perceptions of clinical experiences.

Background: In 2019, an estimated 6.3 million persons were under the supervision of the United States adult correctional systems and one in 40 adult persons were under correctional supervision. At year-end of 2019, nearly seven in ten persons under correctional supervision were supervised in the community.

Trachea as a Novel Model of COPD.

COPD, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Clinical studies and research in rodent models demonstrated that failure of repair mechanisms to cope with increased ROS and inflammation in the lung leads to COPD. Despite this progress, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of COPD remain poorly understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments.

YTHDC1-mediated VPS25 regulates cell cycle by targeting JAK-STAT signaling in human glioma cells.

Background: Glioma is a common type of malignant brain tumor with a high mortality and relapse rate. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clarified.

Chemical constituents of Ruta graveolens L. and their melanogenic effects and action mechanism.

Ruta graveolens L. has been widely used to treat various skin ailments, especially vitiligo. In this study, we isolated a new furanocoumarin named Rutagrarin (1) along with 14 known compounds (2-15) from the aerial parts of R.

Function and molecular mechanism of N-terminal acetylation in autophagy.

Acetyl ligation to the amino acids in a protein is an important posttranslational modification. However, in contrast to lysine acetylation, N-terminal acetylation is elusive in terms of its cellular functions. Here, we identify Nat3 as an N-terminal acetyltransferase essential for autophagy, a catabolic pathway for bulk transport and degradation of cytoplasmic components.

CPVL promotes glioma progression via STAT1 pathway inhibition through interactions with the BTK/p300 axis.

CPVL (carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like) is a serine carboxypeptidase that was first characterized in human macrophages. However, the function of CPVL remains unclear in a variety of tumors. The quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and IHC assays were utilized to measure the CPVL expression.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in 30-Day Mortality for Heart Failure and Pneumonia in the Veterans Health Administration Using Claims-based, Clinical, and Social Risk-adjustment Variables.

Background: Prior studies have identified lower mortality in Black Veterans compared with White Veterans after hospitalization for common medical conditions, but these studies adjusted for comorbid conditions identified in administrative claims.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare mortality for non-Hispanic White (hereafter, "White"), non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, "Black"), and Hispanic Veterans hospitalized for heart failure (HF) and pneumonia and determine whether observed mortality differences varied according to whether claims-based comorbid conditions and/or clinical variables were included in risk-adjustment models.

Research Design: This was an observational study.

Throughput Improvement in Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Nickel by Double Pulses.

In this study, femtosecond laser double pulses were tested to improve their nickel ablation efficiency. The experimental results indicated that compared with single pulses, double pulses with different delay times generated craters with larger diameters and depths. The results obtained for three sets of double pulses with different energy ratios indicated that double pulses with an energy ratio of 1:9 had the highest ablation efficiency, followed by those with energy ratios of 2:8 and 5:5.

Small molecule allosteric inhibitors of RORγt block Th17-dependent inflammation and associated gene expression in vivo.

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR) γt is a member of the RORC nuclear hormone receptor family of transcription factors. RORγt functions as a critical regulator of thymopoiesis and immune responses. RORγt is expressed in multiple immune cell populations including Th17 cells, where its primary function is regulation of immune responses to bacteria and fungi through IL-17A production.

Thermally Reconfigurable Hologram Fabricated by Spatially Modulated Femtosecond Pulses on a Heat-Shrinkable Shape Memory Polymer for Holographic Multiplexing.

Optical security involving the use of light to achieve distinctive vision effects has become a widely used approach for anticounterfeiting. Holographic multiplexing has attracted considerable interest in multiplexing security due to its high degree of freedom for manipulating the optical parameters of incident laser beams. However, the complex and time-consuming fabrication process of metasurface-based holograms and the sophisticated nature of holographic imaging systems have hindered the practical application of holographic multiplexing in anticounterfeiting.

Color-difference evaluation for 3D objects.

A psychophysical experiment using 3D printed samples was conducted to investigate the change of perceived color differences caused by two different illuminations and two 3D sample shapes. 150 pairs of 3D printed samples around five CIE color centers [Color Res. Appl.

Berberine reverses multidrug resistance in Candida albicans by hijacking the drug efflux pump Mdr1p.

Clinical use of antimicrobials faces great challenges from the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The overexpression of drug efflux pumps is one of the major contributors to multidrug resistance (MDR). Reversing the function of drug efflux pumps is a promising approach to overcome MDR.

Controllable Photonic Structures on Silicon-on-Insulator Devices Fabricated Using Femtosecond Laser Lithography.

The design of micro/nanostructures on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices has attracted widespread attention in the science and applications of integrated optics, which, however, are usually restricted by the current manufacturing technologies. Hence, in this paper, we propose a mask-free, one-step femtosecond laser lithography method for efficient fabrication of high-quality controllable planar photonic structures on SOI devices. Subwavelength gratings with high uniformity are flexibly prepared on a SOI wafer, and they can be efficiently extended for large-area fabrication with long-range uniformity.

A peptidic inhibitor for PD-1 palmitoylation targets its expression and functions.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a crucial anticancer target, but the relatively low response rate and acquired resistance to existing antibody drugs highlight an urgent need to develop alternative targeting strategies. Here, we report the palmitoylation of PD-1, discover the main DHHC enzyme for this modification, reveal the mechanism of its effect on PD-1 protein stability, and rationally develop a peptide for targeting PD-1 expression. Palmitoylation promoted the trafficking of PD-1 to the recycling endosome, thus preventing its lysosome-dependent degradation.

Association of glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring with subclinical diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common diabetes-related microvascular complication. The relationship between peripheral nerve function and glucose variability is unclear. We investigated the association of glucose variability with subclinical diabetic polyneuropathy in a large-scale sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Effects of novel flavonoid-enriched yogurt on the diversity of intestinal microbiota in mice.

Soy isoflavone glycoside cannot be effectively absorbed by the human intestinal tract, but probiotics with related hydrolases can transform it into aglycone to promote its absorption. In this study, a novel flavonoid-enriched yogurt was developed using an isolated β-glucosidase-producing strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GY). The flavonoid aglycone-enhanced yogurt was fed to ICR mice for 21 days, and its effects were observed.

Improves the Physiological Changes by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Type 2 Diabetes db/db Mice.

(KWZ) is a classic traditional medicine used for the prevention treatment of diabetes in China. It was widely used as healthcare tea in folk and can prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism of KWZ in type 2 diabetes has not been investigated extensively.

Critical Role of Simultaneous Reduction of Atmospheric Odd Oxygen for Winter Haze Mitigation.

The lockdown due to COVID-19 created a rare opportunity to examine the nonlinear responses of secondary aerosols, which are formed through atmospheric oxidation of gaseous precursors, to intensive precursor emission reductions. Based on unique observational data sets from six supersites in eastern China during 2019-2021, we found that the lockdown caused considerable decreases (32-61%) in different secondary aerosol components in the study region because of similar-degree precursor reductions. However, due to insufficient combustion-related volatile organic compound (VOC) reduction, odd oxygen (O = O + NO) concentration, an indicator of the extent of photochemical processing, showed little change and did not promote more decreases in secondary aerosols.

Evaluating the Effect of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis on Work Productivity.

Objective: Patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) have significant vocal dysfunction which affects their performance at work. This study aimed to evaluate voice-related work productivity before and after ablative treatment for RRP.

Methods: This is a prospective case series conducted at 2 academic laryngology outpatient clinics.

BK Channel Deficiency in Osteoblasts Reduces Bone Formation via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Global knockout of the BK channel has been proven to affect bone formation; however, whether it directly affects osteoblast differentiation and the mechanism are elusive. In the current study, we further investigated the role of BK channels in bone development and explored whether BK channels impacted the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that knockout of Kcnma1 disrupted the osteogenesis of osteoblasts and inhibited the stabilization of β-catenin.

Intake of Fish and Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the association of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. However, the results were inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to quantitatively evaluate the association between marine n-3 PUFA, fish and CVD mortality risk with prospective cohort studies.

Association of Laryngeal Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection With Work Productivity for Patients With Spasmodic Dysphonia.

Importance: A disordered voice can affect an individual across both work and non-work-related life domains. There is insufficient research on the effect of spasmodic dysphonia or its treatment with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections on work productivity.

Objective: To assess whether employed patients with spasmodic dysphonia experience voice-related work productivity impairment before BoNT injection, and had a 10% or greater improvement in productivity 1 month after treatment with BoNT injection.

Fabrication of nanogap structures through spatially shaped femtosecond laser modification with the assistance of wet chemical etching.

Fabricating nanostructures with an extremely small feature size through a near-infrared femtosecond laser is a considerable challenge. In this Letter, we report a flexible, facile, and mask-free method that enables the formation of nanogap structures with a controllable size on silicon. This method involves spatially shaped femtosecond laser single-pulse modification assisted with chemical etching.