Heat-Killed Promotes Growth by Modulating the Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites of Piglets.

Probiotics can improve animal growth performance and intestinal health. However, understanding the effects of paraprobiotics on the growth performance and gut microbiota of piglets and how the paraprobiotics exert their impact are still limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat-killed IFFI 6005 supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of piglets.

Expression mechanisms of mir-486-5p and its host gene sANK1 in porcine muscle.

Background: MiR-486-5p has been identified as a crucial regulator of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which plays a significant role in skeletal muscle development. Its host gene, sANK1, is also essential for skeletal muscle development. However, the understanding of porcine miR-486-5p and sANK1 has been limited.

miR-423-5p Regulates Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development by Negatively Inhibiting Target Gene SRF.

The process of muscle growth directly affects the yield and quality of pork food products. Muscle fibers are created during the embryonic stage, grow following birth, and regenerate during adulthood; these are all considered to be phases of muscle development. A multilevel network of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and pathway levels controls this process.

Production of cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs by handmade cloning.

With the rapid development of intensive animal husbandry in the livestock industry, large quantities of manure waste containing phytate phosphorus are being generated. Phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the feces of monogastric animals. Enviropig, which produces phytase in the salivary glands and secretes the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated in 1999.

Intake of compound probiotics accelerates the construction of immune function and gut microbiome in Holstein calves.

Unlabelled: Acquired immunity is an important way to construct the intestinal immune barrier in mammals, which is almost dependent on suckling. To develop a new strategy for accelerating the construction of gut microbiome, newborn Holstein calves were continuously fed with 40 mL of compound probiotics (containing T-14, T-11, T-209, and T-231) per day for 60 days. Through diarrhea rate monitoring, immune index testing, antioxidant capacity detection, and metagenome sequencing, the changes in diarrhea incidence, average daily gain, immune index, and gut microbiome of newborn calves within 60 days were investigated.

Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Microbial Diversity in the Intestine of Miniature Pig Obesity Model.

Obesity, a key contributor to metabolic disorders, necessitates an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis and prerequisites for prevention. Guangxi Bama miniature pig (GBM) offers an apt model for obesity-related studies. In this research, we used transcriptomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to discern the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within intestinal (jejunum, ileum, and colon) tissues and variations in microbial communities in intestinal contents of GBM subjected to normal diets (ND) and high-fat, high-carbohydrate diets (HFHCD).

Integrated Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Analysis Reveals Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of the Average Daily Weight Gain of Yorkshire Pigs.

The average daily weight gain (ADG) is considered a crucial indicator for assessing growth rates in the swine industry. Therefore, investigating the gastrointestinal microbiota and serum metabolites influencing the ADG in pigs is pivotal for swine breed selection. This study involved the inclusion of 350 purebred Yorkshire pigs (age: 90 ± 2 days; body weight: 41.

Changes in Gut Microbiota Associated with Parity in Large White Sows.

As one of the most critical economic traits, the litter performance of sows is influenced by their parity. Some studies have indicated a connection between the gut microbiota and the litter performance of animals. In this study, we examined litter performance in 1363 records of different parities of Large White sows.

Comparative Serum Proteome Analysis Indicates a Negative Correlation between a Higher Immune Level and Feed Efficiency in Pigs.

Identifying and verifying appropriate biomarkers is instrumental in improving the prediction of early-stage pig production performance while reducing the cost of breeding and production. The main factor that affects the production cost and environmental protection cost of the pig industry is the feed efficiency of pigs. This study aimed to detect the differentially expressed proteins in the early blood index determination serum between high-feed efficiency and low-feed efficiency pigs and to provide a basis for further identification of biomarkers using the isobaric tandem mass tag and parallel reaction monitoring approach.

The Landscape of Accessible Chromatin and Developmental Transcriptome Maps Reveal a Genetic Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Development in Pigs.

The epigenetic regulation mechanism of porcine skeletal muscle development relies on the openness of chromatin and is also precisely regulated by transcriptional machinery. However, fewer studies have exploited the temporal changes in gene expression and the landscape of accessible chromatin to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling muscle development. To address this, skeletal muscle biopsy samples were taken from Landrace pigs at days 0 (D0), 60 (D60), 120 (D120), and 180 (D180) after birth and were then analyzed using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq.

Systematic Identification and Comparison of the Expressed Profiles of Exosomal MiRNAs in Pigs Infected with NADC30-like PRRSV Strain.

Exosomes are biological vesicles secreted and released by cells that act as mediators of intercellular communication and play a unique role in virus infection, antigen presentation, and suppression/promotion of body immunity. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most damaging pathogens in the pig industry and can cause reproductive disorders in sows, respiratory diseases in pigs, reduced growth performance, and other diseases leading to pig mortality. In this study, we used the PRRSV NADC30-like CHsx1401 strain to artificially infect 42-day-old pigs and isolate serum exosomes.

Dietary supplementation ellagic acid on the growth, intestinal immune response, microbiota, and inflammation in weaned piglets.

Piglets are susceptible to weaning stress, which weakens the barrier and immune function of the intestinal mucosa, causes inflammation, and ultimately affects animal growth and development. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol dilactone with various biological functions. However, The mechanisms underlying the effects of EA on animal health are still poorly known.

Effects of the Probiotic, subsp. , as a Substitute for Antibiotics on the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Metabolomics Profile of Female Growing-Finishing Pigs.

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDB) is an approved feed additive on the Chinese ‘Approved Feed Additives’ list. However, the possibility of LDB as an antibiotic replacement remains unclear.

Genome-Wide Association Studies, Runs of Homozygosity Analysis, and Copy Number Variation Detection to Identify Reproduction-Related Genes in Bama Xiang Pigs.

Litter size and teat number are economically important traits in the porcine industry. However, the genetic mechanisms influencing these traits remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed the genetic basis of litter size and teat number in Bama Xiang pigs and evaluated the genomic inbreeding coefficients of this breed.

Identifying selection signatures and runs of homozygosity for spine curvature in Chinese indigenous pigs.

In China there are approximately 100 pig breeds, which show great diversity in their appearance. However, information on genome selection signatures, such as spine curvature, is scarce. Therefore, we used the fixation index (F ) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XPEHH) methods to explore the genome selection signatures of spine curvature in six breeds of Chinese indigenous pig.

Comparatively analyzing the liver-specific transcriptomic profiles in Kunming mice afflicted with streptozotocin- and natural food-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Streptozotocin is a classic drug used to induce diabetes in animal models.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the liver transcriptome of Kunming mice with diabetes induced by either streptozotocin (STZ) or Non-STZ.

Methods: Forty male mice were randomly assigned into four groups: Control (Ctr, standard diet), mHH (high fat and high carbohydrate diet), mHS (high fat and high carbohydrate diet for 4 weeks followed by 60 mg/kg STZ for 3 consecutive days) and mSH (60 mg/kg STZ for 3 consecutive days followed by a high fat and high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks).

Systematic Identification and Comparison of the Expressed Profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs with Associated Co-Expression Networks in Pigs with Low and High Intramuscular Fat.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a complex trait that affects meat quality and determines pork quality. In order to explore the potential mechanisms that affect the intramuscular fat content of pigs, a Large white × Min pigs F2 resource populations were constructed, then whole-transcriptome profile analysis was carried out for five low-IMF and five high-IMF F2 individuals. In total, 218 messenger RNA (mRNAs), 213 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 18 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 59 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were found to be differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi muscle.

Development and Genome Sequencing of a Laboratory-Inbred Miniature Pig Facilitates Study of Human Diabetic Disease.

Pig has been proved to be a valuable large animal model used for research on diabetic disease. However, their translational value is limited given their distinct anatomy and physiology. For the last 30 years, we have been developing a laboratory Asian miniature pig inbred line (Bama miniature pig [BM]) from the primitive Bama xiang pig via long-term selective inbreeding.

Resveratrol regulates skeletal muscle fibers switching through the AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle fiber-type switching. We found that RES had no effect on the body weight and food intake of Kunming mice (KM mice) that were orally administered with 400 mg kg-1 d-1 RES for 12 weeks. Notably, the RES administration significantly increased the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) 1, MyHC2a, and MyHC2x in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles.

iTRAQ and PRM-based quantitative proteomics in T2DM-susceptible and -tolerant models of Bama mini-pig.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex, multifactorial metabolic disease, and the number of patients with T2DM has continued to increase in recent years. Large-scale proteomic studies on animal models of T2DM are of great importance to understand the pathophysiology of T2DM. Therefore, in our study, Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were used for proteomic analysis of skeletal muscles from T2DM-susceptible and -tolerant Bama mini-pig models induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet.