Unearthing Genetic Treasures: Exploring Lost Autochthonous Varieties in Lebanon.

Background/objectives: Lebanon, one of the oldest centers of grapevine ( L.) cultivation, is home to a rich diversity of local grape varieties. This biodiversity is linked to the country's unique topography and millennia of cultural history.

Orbital modulation of subtropical versus subantarctic moisture sources in the southeast Pacific mid-latitudes.

Reconstructing rainfall variability and moisture sources is a critical aspect to understand past and future hydroclimate dynamics. Here, we use changes in the deuterium content of land-plant leaf waxes from two marine sediment cores located off Chile to reconstruct changes in rainfall amount and variation in moisture sources over the last ~50 ka. The records indicate increased moisture in central Chile during precession maxima, but an obliquity modulation is evident in southern Chile.

Exploring Twitter chatter to assess the type and availability of cannabis-related products in Thailand.

Cannabis-related tweets were collected between January and April 2022 to estimate the availability and characteristics of cannabis products advertised on Twitter amid the legalization of recreational cannabis in Thailand. The Twitter API was called using the tweepy Python library to collect cannabis-related tweets in the Thai language. A total of 185,558 unique tweets were collected over the duration of the data collection period based on 83 search terms.

Social Activities and Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Based on Rural and Urban Differences in China: a National Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Depression has become an important global public health problem. Despite the government's efforts, the outlook regarding the health issue of elderly depression in China is still not optimistic. This study explored the association between social activities and depressive symptoms among Chinese urban and rural elderly.

Detecting Substance Use Disorder Using Social Media Data and the Dark Web: Time- and Knowledge-Aware Study.

Background: Opioid and substance misuse has become a widespread problem in the United States, leading to the "opioid crisis." The relationship between substance misuse and mental health has been extensively studied, with one possible relationship being that substance misuse causes poor mental health. However, the lack of evidence on the relationship has resulted in opioids being largely inaccessible through legal means.

Five million years of Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength variability.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) represents the world's largest ocean-current system and affects global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic ice-sheet stability. Today, ACC dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, oceanic density gradients and eddy activity. Whereas palaeoceanographic reconstructions exhibit regional heterogeneity in ACC position and strength over Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles, the long-term evolution of the ACC is poorly known.

A marine record of Patagonian ice sheet changes over the past 140,000 years.

Terrestrial glacial records from the Patagonian Andes and New Zealand Alps document quasi-synchronous Southern Hemisphere-wide glacier advances during the late Quaternary. However, these records are inherently incomplete. Here, we provide a continuous marine record of western-central Patagonian ice sheet (PIS) extent over a complete glacial-interglacial cycle back into the penultimate glacial (~140 ka).

EURO-NMD registry: federated FAIR infrastructure, innovative technologies and concepts of a patient-centred registry for rare neuromuscular disorders.

Background: The EURO-NMD Registry collects data from all neuromuscular patients seen at EURO-NMD's expert centres. In-kind contributions from three patient organisations have ensured that the registry is patient-centred, meaningful, and impactful. The consenting process covers other uses, such as research, cohort finding and trial readiness.

"Pressed OXY M30 Pills, Great Press, Potent, Fast Shipping!!!": Availability of Counterfeit and Pharmaceutical Oxycodone Pills on One Major Cryptomarket.

From 2018 to 2021, seizures of counterfeit oxycodone pills containing non-pharmaceutical fentanyl or other novel synthetic opioids increased significantly contributing to continuing increases in overdose mortality in Northern America. Evidence suggests that counterfeit pills are distributed through cryptomarkets. This article presents data regarding the availability and characteristics of oxycodone pills advertised on one major cryptomarket between January and March 2022.

Drug Abuse Ontology to Harness Web-Based Data for Substance Use Epidemiology Research: Ontology Development Study.

Background: Web-based resources and social media platforms play an increasingly important role in health-related knowledge and experience sharing. There is a growing interest in the use of these novel data sources for epidemiological surveillance of substance use behaviors and trends.

Objective: The key aims were to describe the development and application of the drug abuse ontology (DAO) as a framework for analyzing web-based and social media data to inform public health and substance use research in the following areas: determining user knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to nonmedical use of buprenorphine and illicitly manufactured opioids through the analysis of web forum data Prescription Drug Abuse Online Surveillance; analyzing patterns and trends of cannabis product use in the context of evolving cannabis legalization policies in the United States through analysis of Twitter and web forum data (eDrugTrends); assessing trends in the availability of novel synthetic opioids through the analysis of cryptomarket data (eDarkTrends); and analyzing COVID-19 pandemic trends in social media data related to 13 states in the United States as per Mental Health America reports.

Systematic changes in circumpolar dust transport to the Subantarctic Pacific Ocean over the last two glacial cycles.

The input of the soluble micronutrients iron (Fe) and/or manganese (Mn) by mineral dust stimulates net primary productivity in the Fe/Mn-deficient Southern Ocean. This mechanism is thought to increase carbon export, thus reducing atmospheric CO during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. Yet, relatively little is known about changes in the sources and transport pathways of Southern Hemisphere dust over glacial cycles.

Evidence for late-glacial oceanic carbon redistribution and discharge from the Pacific Southern Ocean.

Southern Ocean deep-water circulation plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle. On geological time scales, upwelling along the Chilean margin likely contributed to the deglacial atmospheric carbon dioxide rise, but little quantitative evidence exists of carbon storage. Here, we develop an X-ray Micro-Computer-Tomography method to assess foraminiferal test dissolution as proxy for paleo-carbonate ion concentrations ([CO]).

Real-world outcomes among patients with advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancers initiating second-line treatment.

Background: Limited data are available regarding second-line (2 L) treatment for advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancers (BTC) in the US real-world setting. This study explores the rapidly evolving and growing treatment landscape in the 2 L setting for advanced or metastatic BTC with a large cohort of patients treated in a community oncology setting.

Methods: Adult patients with BTC initiating 2 L treatment after a platinum-containing first-line between 1/1/10- and 6/30/19 were identified from the US Oncology Network electronic healthcare record database and followed through 12/31/19.

Early hyperdopaminergic state following sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease.

Background: Hyperdopaminergic state (HS), especially impulse control behaviors (ICBs), are not rare in Parkinson's disease (PD). Controversial data regarding HS prevalence one year following sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are reported.

Objective: Our objectives were to describe early postoperative HS (PoOHS) including ICBs, hypomania and psychotic symptoms during the first 3 months following STN-DBS (V1) and their prognosis at 1 year (V2).

Unravelling the etiology of sporadic late-onset cerebellar ataxia in a cohort of 205 patients: a prospective study.

Background: Despite recent progress in the field of genetics, sporadic late-onset (> 40 years) cerebellar ataxia (SLOCA) etiology remains frequently elusive, while the optimal diagnostic workup still needs to be determined. We aimed to comprehensively describe the causes of SLOCA and to discuss the relevance of the investigations.

Methods: We included 205 consecutive patients with SLOCA seen in our referral center.

Incidence of safety events after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation for advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: a real-world study.

To describe the incidence of safety events after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) initiation for advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Retrospective cohort study using the HealthCore Integrated Research Database in the USA to examine the incidence of prespecified safety events of interest after ICI initiation (n = 5278). The most common safety events after ICI initiation included malaise/fatigue (incidence rate [IR]: 70.

Genetic generalized epilepsy and generalized onset seizures with focal evolution (GOFE).

"Generalized Onset with Focal Evolution" (GOFE) is an underrecognized seizure type defined by an evolution from generalized onset to focal activity during the same ictal event. We aimed to discuss electroclinical aspects of GOFE and to emphasize its link with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE). Patients were identified retrospectively over 10 years, using the video-EEG data base from the Epilepsy Unit of Strasbourg University Hospital.

Genetic Variability in Balkan Paleoendemic Resurrection Plants and Across Their Range and in the Zone of Sympatry.

The genus includes three Paleoendemic and Tertiary relict species that survived in refugial habitats of the Balkan Peninsula ( and ) and the Iberian Peninsula (). They are all "resurrection plants," a rare phenomenon among flowering plants in Europe. and are diploids (2 = 2 = 48), while is a hexaploid (2 = 6 = 144).

Second-line treatments in advanced biliary tract cancer: systematic literature review of efficacy, effectiveness and safety.

A systematic review was conducted to understand clinical, economic and health-related quality-of-life outcomes in second-line biliary tract cancer. The review followed established recommendations. The feasibility of network meta-analysis revealed limited networks, thus synthesis was limited to a summary of reported ranges, percentiles and medians.

Long-Term Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Real-World Treatment Settings in France: The VIRGILE Study.

Introduction: It is important to confirm the effectiveness and tolerability of disease-modifying treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in real-world treatment settings. This prospective observational cohort study (VIRGILE) was performed at the request of the French health authorities. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of fingolimod 0.

An adaptive design for early clinical development including interim decision for single-arm trial with external controls or randomized trial.

In early clinical development, randomized controlled trials (RCT) or single-arm trials with external controls (SATwEC) are design options, which allow adjustment for confounding: RCT via design, SATwEC via analysis using propensity score methods. SATwEC requires less investment than RCT. However, if the confounder space substantially differs between the experimental and external control group, the SATwEC might lead to inappropriate decisions for further development.

Element mobility related to rock weathering and soil formation at the westward side of the southernmost Patagonian Andes.

Rock weathering and pedogenesis are fundamental processes for element mobility in terrestrial bio-geochemical cycles and for the regulation of primary productivity in adjacent coastal marine ecosystems. Here, soils developed from volcanic ash under extreme climate conditions could play a particular role. We therefore investigated rock weathering, soil formation and the associated mobilization of trace elements and micronutrients in a pristine South Patagonian ecosystem.

Exploring Televend, an innovative combination of cryptomarket and messaging app technologies for trading prohibited drugs.

Background: Digital technologies continue to facilitate drug trading. Televend was an innovative combination of multiple digital technologies, with its backend hosted on the darknet, while purchases were made through the messaging app Telegram. Here, we provide an initial characterisation of this nascent market.