Determination of adequate bony resection margins in inflammatory jaw pathologies using SPECT-CT in primary mandibular reconstruction with virtually planned vascularized bone flaps.

Objectives: In advanced stages of osteoradionecrosis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, and osteomyelitis, a resection of sections of the mandible may be unavoidable. The determination of adequate bony resection margins is a fundamental problem because bony resection margins cannot be secured intraoperatively. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) is more accurate than conventional imaging techniques in detecting inflammatory jaw pathologies.

Assessment of the bony resection margin distance in bone-invasive oral cancer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Objectives: Inadequate resection margins of less than 5 mm impair local tumor control. This weak point in oncological safety is exacerbated in bone-infiltrating tumors because rapid bone analysis procedures do not exist. This study aims to assess the bony resection margin status of bone-invasive oral cancer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Assessment of the Electrolyte Heterogeneity of Tissues in Mandibular Bone-Infiltrating Head and Neck Cancer Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was recently introduced as a rapid bone analysis technique in bone-infiltrating head and neck cancers. Research efforts on laser surgery systems with controlled tissue feedback are currently limited to animal specimens and the use of nontumorous tissues. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize the electrolyte composition of tissues in human mandibular bone-infiltrating head and neck cancer.

The role of potassium in depth profiling of the tumor border in bone-invasive oral cancer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): a pilot study.

Purpose: Microscopic tumor spread beyond the macroscopically visible tumor mass in bone represents a major risk in surgical oncology, where the spatial complexity of bony resection margins cannot be countered with rapid bone analysis techniques. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has recently been introduced as a promising option for rapid bone analysis. The present study aimed to use LIBS-based depth profiling based on electrolyte disturbance tracking to evaluate the detection of microscopic tumor spread in bone.

Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery has been widely recognized as the most efficient long-term treatment method in severe obesity, yet therapy success shows considerable interindividual variability. Postoperative metabolic adaptations, including improved gut hormone secretion (GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin), and restored executive function may play an explanatory role in weight loss, yet causes for poor success in individual patients remain unknown. This study investigates gut-hormonal and cognitive characteristics in extreme weight loss responders to bariatric surgery.

Real-time detection of bone-invasive oral cancer with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A proof-of-principle study.

Objectives: Intraoperative definition of resection margin status in bone-invasive oral cancer is a fundamental problem in oncologic surgery due to the lack of rapid bone analysis methods. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides direct measurement with real-time examination of a minimal tissue sample. This proof-of-principle study aimed to evaluate the possibility of distinguishing tumorous and healthy areas with LIBS.

Evaluation of electrolyte element composition in human tissue by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) enables the direct measurement of cell electrolyte concentrations. The utility of LIBS spectra in biomarker studies is limited because these studies rarely consider basic physical principles. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of LIBS spectra as an analytical method for biomarker assays and to evaluate the composition of electrolyte elements in human biomaterial.

Tuning the stability of bimetallic Ce(iv)/Zr(iv)-based MOFs with UiO-66 and MOF-808 structures.

A series of solid solutions of bimetallic Ce/Zr-UiO-66 and -MOF-808 compounds with a varying ratio of Ce to Zr were obtained under mild reaction conditions within 15 min. The lattice parameters of the mixed-metal compounds are in accordance with Vegard's law. Samples with Ce ≤20 at% exhibit an enhanced thermal stability, better resistance against acids and smaller particle sizes.

Green Synthesis of Zr-CAU-28: Structure and Properties of the First Zr-MOF Based on 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid.

A new Zr-based metal-organic framework denoted as Zr-CAU-28 with framework composition [ZrO(OH)(FDC)(OH)(HO)] (HFDC = 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, CAU = Christian-Albrechts-University) was obtained under green synthesis conditions from a mixture of HO and acetic acid and employing microwave-assisted heating. Zr-CAU-28 is the first Zr-MOF based on HFDC, which is often considered a promising renewable alternative to terephthalic acid. The crystal structure was determined from powder X-ray diffraction data using a combination of direct methods, force field calculations, and Rietveld refinement.

Synthesis and structure of Zr(iv)- and Ce(iv)-based CAU-24 with 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene.

Two new MOFs denoted as M-CAU-24 (M = Zr, Ce) based on 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (HTCPB) were obtained under mild reaction conditions within 15 min. The MOFs with composition [M(μ-O)(μ-OH)(OH)(HO)(TCPB)] crystallise in the scu topology, a connectivity hitherto unreported for Zr-MOFs with tetracarboxylate linker molecules. Zr-CAU-24 exhibits UV/blue ligand-based luminescence.

Biophysical determinants for cellular uptake of hydrocarbon-stapled peptide helices.

Hydrocarbon-stapled peptides are a class of bioactive alpha-helical ligands developed to dissect and target protein interactions. While there is consensus that stapled peptides can be effective chemical tools for investigating protein regulation, their broader utility for therapeutic modulation of intracellular interactions remains an active area of study. In particular, the design principles for generating cell-permeable stapled peptides are empiric, yet consistent intracellular access is essential to in vivo application.

Cerium-based metal organic frameworks with UiO-66 architecture: synthesis, properties and redox catalytic activity.

A series of nine Ce(iv)-based metal organic frameworks with the UiO-66 structure containing linker molecules of different sizes and functionalities were obtained under mild synthesis conditions and short reaction times. Thermal and chemical stabilities were determined and a Ce-UiO-66-BDC/TEMPO system was successfully employed for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.

Cellular Uptake and Ultrastructural Localization Underlie the Pro-apoptotic Activity of a Hydrocarbon-stapled BIM BH3 Peptide.

Hydrocarbon stapling has been applied to restore and stabilize the α-helical structure of bioactive peptides for biochemical, structural, cellular, and in vivo studies. The peptide sequence, in addition to the composition and location of the installed staple, can dramatically influence the properties of stapled peptides. As a result, constructs that appear similar can have distinct functions and utilities.

Sulfonyl chlorides as an efficient tool for the postsynthetic modification of Cr-MIL-101-SO3H and CAU-1-NH2.

Postsynthetic modification can be used to introduce sulfonamide functionalities into MOF frameworks. Using sulfonyl chlorides as reactive intermediates, Cr-MIL-SO3H and CAU-1-NH2 have been further modified to give hitherto unknown functionalized MOFs in which a sulfonamide group is bound to the framework either by its N or its S atom.

Single- and mixed-linker Cr-MIL-101 derivatives: a high-throughput investigation.

New single- and mixed-linker Cr-MIL-101 derivatives bearing different functional groups have been synthesized. The influence of the reaction parameters, such as metal source (CrO3, CrCl3, and Cr(NO3)3·9H2O) or linker composition, on product formation have been investigated using high-throughput methods. Highly crystalline Cr-MIL-101 materials were obtained with CrCl3 as the metal source with either 2-bromoterephthalic (TA-Br) or 2-nitroterephthalic (TA-NO2) acid as one of the mixed-linker components.

Evaluating the long-term cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus exenatide BID in patients with type 2 diabetes who fail to improve with oral antidiabetic agents.

Background: The global clinical and economic burden of type 2 diabetes is substantial. Recently, clinical trials with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (liraglutide and exenatide) have shown a multifactorial clinical profile with the potential to address many of the clinical needs of patients and reduce the burden of disease.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of once-daily liraglutide versus exenatide BID in patients with type 2 diabetes who failed to improve with metformin and/or sulfonylurea, based on the results of a previous clinical trial in 6 European countries (Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, and Austria).

Patient preferences for diabetes management among people with type 2 diabetes in Denmark - a discrete choice experiment.

Objectives: To study patient preferences for diabetes-treatment related attributes among people with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were recruited from three diabetes out-patient clinics and two general practitioner surgeries. Data were collected electronically and results were analysed using a standard statistical model designed for choice sets (conditional logit).

Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of reduced mild hypoglycaemia in subjects with Type 1 diabetes treated with insulin detemir or NPH insulin in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands.

Aims: To estimate short-term cost-effectiveness of insulin detemir vs. NPH insulin based on the incidence of mild hypoglycaemia in subjects with Type 1 diabetes in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands.

Methods: A model was developed to evaluate cost-effectiveness based on mild (self-treated) hypoglycaemia and pharmacy costs over 1 year.

Willingness to pay for improvements in chronic long-acting insulin therapy in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Long-acting insulin treatments with varying clinical benefits are currently available for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current evidence base demonstrates the efficacy of treatments, but it is critical also to understand patient preferences regarding treatments and how they are determined.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the willingness to pay (WTP) of individuals with diabetes in the United Kingdom for different attributes of long-acting insulin therapy.

Willingness to pay for health improvements associated with anti-diabetes treatments for people with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the most important consequences of diabetes medication, as measured by the patients' willingness to pay (WTP).

Research Design And Methods: People in Sweden were recruited using existing nationwide e-mail panels if they were adults (>or=18 years) with type 2 diabetes and were receiving pharmacological anti-diabetes treatment(s). Data were collected electronically and results were analysed using a standard statistical model designed for choice games (conditional logit).

Costs of managing severe hypoglycaemia in three European countries.

Objectives: To assess the costs of severe hypoglycaemic events (SHEs) in diabetes patients in Germany, Spain and the UK.

Methods: Healthcare resource use was measured by surveying 639 patients aged ≥ 16 years, receiving insulin for type 1 (n=319) or type 2 diabetes (n=320), who experienced ≥ 1 SHE in the preceding year. Patients were grouped by location of SHE treatment: group 1, community (family/domestic); group 2, community (healthcare professional); group 3, hospital.

Management of severe hypoglycaemia: cultural similarities, differences and resource consumption in three European countries.

Background: To investigate the characteristics of people with insulin-treated diabetes, who have experienced severe hypoglycaemic events (SHEs), in Germany, Spain or UK.

Methods: Patients with type 1 (n=319) or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (n=320) who had experienced ≥ 1 SHE in the preceding year were enrolled. Their median age was 53 years (range, 16-94 years).

Cost-effectiveness of intensified versus conventional multifactorial intervention in type 2 diabetes: results and projections from the Steno-2 study.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of intensive versus conventional therapy for 8 years as applied in the Steno-2 study in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.

Research Design And Methods: A Markov model was developed to incorporate event and risk data from Steno-2 and account Danish-specific costs to project life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), and lifetime direct medical costs expressed in year 2005 Euros. Clinical and cost outcomes were projected over patient lifetimes and discounted at 3% annually.