A comparison of the chemo- and radiotoxicity of thorium and uranium at different enrichment grades.

Uranium and thorium are heavy metals, and all of their isotopes are radioactive, so it is impossible to study chemical effects entirely independent of the radiation effects. In the present study, we tried to compare the chemo- and radiotoxicity of both metals, taking into account deterministic radiation damages reflected by acute radiation sickness and stochastic radiation damages leading to long-term health impairments (e.g.

Simulations of radioiodine exposure and protective thyroid blocking in a new biokinetic model of the mother-fetus unit at different pregnancy ages.

In the case of nuclear incidents, radioiodine may be released. After incorporation, it accumulates in the thyroid and enhances the risk of thyroidal dysfunctions and cancer occurrence by internal irradiation. Pregnant women and children are particularly vulnerable.

Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under different assault and rescue conditions.

In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb", blast injuries, external irradiation and the incorporation of radioactivity are to be expected. Departing from information about the radiological attack scenario with cesium-137 in the U.S.

Modeling principles of protective thyroid blocking.

Purpose: In the case of a nuclear incident, the release of radioiodine must be expected. Radioiodine accumulates in the thyroid and by irradiation enhances the risk of cancer. Large doses of stable (non-radioactive) iodine may inhibit radioiodine accumulation and protect the thyroid ('thyroid blocking').

Training of clinical triage of acute radiation casualties: a performance comparison ofversustraining due to the covid-19 pandemic.

A collection of powerful diagnostic tools have been developed under the umbrellas of NATO for ionising radiation dose assessment (BAT, WinFRAT) and estimate of acute health effects in humans (WinFRAT, H-Module). We assembled a database of 191 ARS cases using the medical treatment protocols for radiation accident victims (= 167) and the system for evaluation and archiving of radiation accidents based on case histories (= 24) for training purposes of medical personnel. From 2016 to 2019, we trained 39 participants comprising MSc level radiobiology students in an on-site teaching class.

A comparison of thyroidal protection by iodine and perchlorate against radioiodine exposure in Caucasians and Japanese.

Radioactive iodine released in nuclear accidents may accumulate in the thyroid and by irradiation enhances the risk of cancer. Radioiodine uptake into the gland can be inhibited by large doses of stable iodine or perchlorate. Nutritional iodine daily intake may impact thyroid physiology, so that radiological doses absorbed by the thyroid as well as thyroid blocking efficacy may differ in Japanese with a very rich iodine diet compared to Caucasians.

Quantitative assessment of retinal thickness and vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma.

Purpose: Assessment and a direct comparison of retinal vessel density with the thickness of inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer (ORL) in the same regions of the macula in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: We analyzed data from 48 eyes of healthy control (HC) participants, 71 eyes with POAG, and 49 eyes of AD patients. Ophthalmic examination included optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to measure IRL and ORL thickness and OCT angiography (OCTA) in the same region for the imaging of vessel density in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and deep vascular plexus (DVP) of the retina.

Analyzing the impact of 900 MHz EMF short-term exposure to the expression of 667 miRNAs in human peripheral blood cells.

More than ever before, people around the world are frequently exposed to different sections of the electromagnetic spectrum, mainly emitted from wireless modern communication technologies. Especially, the level of knowledge on non-thermal biological EMF effects remains controversial. New technologies allow for a more detailed detection of non-coding RNAs which affect the post-transcriptional control.

MACULAR SENSITIVITY IN THE AREA OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING IN EYES AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY WITH THE TEMPORAL INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE FOR A FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between retinal sensitivity and the area of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during pars plana vitrectomy for a full-thickness macular hole.

Methods: Twenty-four eyes a minimum of 6 months after temporal inverted flap pars plana vitrectomy for a full-thickness macular hole were included in the study. En face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images were used to assess margins of the peeled ILM area.

Predicting the Radiation Sensitivity of Male and Female Rhesus Macaques Using Gene Expression.

Radiosensitivity differs in humans and likely among closely-related primates. Reasons for variation in radiosensitivity are not well known. We examined preirradiation gene expression in peripheral blood among male and female rhesus macaques which did or did not survive (up to 60 days) after whole-body irradiation with 700 cGy (LD66/60).

A comparison of thyroidal protection by stable iodine or perchlorate in the case of acute or prolonged radioiodine exposure.

In the case of a nuclear power plant accident, repetitive/prolonged radioiodine release may occur. Radioiodine accumulates in the thyroid and by irradiation enhances the risk of cancer. Large doses of non-radioactive iodine may protect the thyroid by inhibiting radioiodine uptake into the gland (iodine blockade).

Development of New Biokinetic-Dosimetric Models for the Simulation of Iodine Blockade in the Case of Radioiodine Exposure in Man.

In the case of nuclear incidents, radioiodine may be liberated. After incorporation it accumulates in the thyroid and by internal irradiation enhances the risk of cancer occurrence. By administering a large dose of non-radioactive iodine the uptake of radioiodine into the gland can be inhibited ("iodine blockade").

A quantitative comparison of the chemo- and radiotoxicity of uranium at different enrichment grades.

Objective: The radiotoxic effects of uranium are often in the focus of the public fears but the chemical toxic effects of uranium are reported to surpass radiation effects. As there is no uranium isotope that is not radioactive, it is not possible to study chemical effects fully independently from radiation effects. In order to quantitate and compare radio- and chemotoxicity, we determined the median lethal doses of uranium due to its chemical toxicity and calculated the absorbed radiological doses resulting from the ingestion or inhalation of corresponding amounts depending on the isotopic enrichment grade.

Rapid High-Throughput Diagnostic Triage after a Mass Radiation Exposure Event Using Early Gene Expression Changes.

Radiological exposure scenarios involving large numbers of people require a rapid and high-throughput method to identify the unexposed, and those exposed to low- and high-dose radiation. Those with high-dose exposure, e.g.

Pharmacological treatment of inhalation injury after nuclear or radiological incidents: The Chinese and German approach.

Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material.

Medical management of victims contaminated with radionuclides after a "dirty bomb" attack.

A wide spectrum of scenarios may lead to radiation incidents and the liberation of radioactive material. In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb", there is a risk of mechanical and thermal trauma, external irradiation, superficial contamination and incorporation of radioactive material. The first treatment priority must be given to the care of trauma patients with life-threatening injuries, as the health effects of radiation occur with latency.

Gene Expression Analysis in Human Peripheral Blood Cells after 900 MHz RF-EMF Short-Term Exposure.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) are a basic requirement of modern wireless communication technology. Statutory thresholds of RF-EMF are established to limit relevant additional heat supply in human tissue. Nevertheless, to date, questions concerning nonthermal biological effects have yet to be fully addressed.

Analysis of the antidote requirements and outcomes of different radionuclide decorporation strategies for a scenario of a "dirty bomb" attack.

Objective: In radiological emergencies, there is a risk of radionuclide incorporation. The radiological doses absorbed can be reduced by decorporation treatment. Antidote requirements depend on the scenario and treatment strategy ("urgent approach": immediate treatment of all patients with possible incorporation; "precautionary approach": treatment only after confirmation of incorporation).

Benefit-Cost Analysis of Radiocesium Decorporation by a Prussian Blue Treatment and Stockpiling.

In the case of an attack by a "dirty bomb" with cesium-137 there is a risk of internal contamination. The excretion of cesium-137 can be enhanced by Prussian Blue (PB), and thus the committed effective dose be reduced. We analyzed the benefit and costs of PB decorporation treatment.

Gene expression signature for early prediction of late occurring pancytopenia in irradiated baboons.

Based on gene expression changes measured in the peripheral blood within the first 2 days after irradiation, we predicted a pancytopenia in a baboon model. Eighteen baboons were irradiated with 2.5 or 5 Gy.

Using Clinical Signs and Symptoms for Medical Management of Radiation Casualties - 2015 NATO Exercise.

The utility of early-phase (≤5 days) radiation-induced clinical signs and symptoms (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, erythema and changes in blood cell counts) was examined for the prediction of later occurring acute radiation syndrome (ARS) severity and the development of medical management strategies.

The Incorporation of Radionuclides After Wounding by a "Dirty Bomb": The Impact of Time for Decorporation Efficacy and a Model for Cases of Disseminated Fragmentation Wounds.

In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb" there is a risk of internal contamination with radionuclides through inhalation and wounds. We studied the efficacy of a decorporation treatment depending on the initiation time and duration. Based on biokinetic models, we simulated the impact of different diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid treatments on the committed effective dose after the incorporation of plutonium-239.

MicroRNA Expression for Early Prediction of Late Occurring Hematologic Acute Radiation Syndrome in Baboons.

For effective medical management of radiation-exposed persons after a radiological/nuclear event, blood-based screening measures in the first few days that could predict hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) are needed. For HARS severity prediction, we used microRNA (miRNA) expression changes measured on days one and two after irradiation in a baboon model. Eighteen baboons underwent different patterns of partial or total body irradiation, corresponding to an equivalent dose of 2.