Comparison of Bilateral Versus Unilateral 5 Hz or 1 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Subacute Stroke: Assessment of Motor Function in a Randomized Controlled Study.

Purpose: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can enhance brain plasticity after stroke. At low frequencies, rTMS has an inhibitory effect, whereas at high frequencies, it has an excitatory effect. Combining both frequencies in bilateral stimulation is a new rTMS protocol under investigation, especially in the subacute stage.

Endorsement of "European Respiratory Society guideline on non-CPAP therapies for obstructive sleep apnoea" by World Sleep Society.

Guidelines for management of sleep disorders from national or regional societies provide recommendations that may be regionally appropriate but may not always be practical or relevant in other parts of the world. A task force of experts from the World Sleep Society's (WSS) International Sleep Medicine Guidelines Committee and Sleep and Breathing Disorders Task Force reviewed the European Respiratory Society's guideline on non-CPAP therapies for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respect to its relevance and applicability to the practice of sleep medicine by sleep specialists in various regions of the world. The task force and the WSS guidelines committee endorsed the European Respiratory Society's guideline with respect to the utilization of bariatric surgery, mandibular advancement devices, positioning devices, myofunctional therapy, hypoglossal neurostimulation, maxilo-mandibular surgery, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of OSA.

The need to promote sleep health in public health agendas across the globe.

Healthy sleep is essential for physical and mental health, and social wellbeing; however, across the globe, and particularly in developing countries, national public health agendas rarely consider sleep health. Sleep should be promoted as an essential pillar of health, equivalent to nutrition and physical activity. To improve sleep health across the globe, a focus on education and awareness, research, and targeted public health policies are needed.

Endorsement of: "treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea with positive airway pressure: an American academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline" by World Sleep Society.

Guidelines for the evaluation and management of sleep disorders from national societies provide recommendations that may be regionally appropriate but may not always be practical or relevant in other parts of the world. A task force of experts from the World Sleep Society's (WSS) International Sleep Medicine Guidelines Committee and Sleep and Breathing Disorders Taskforce reviewed the American Academy of Sleep Medicine's Clinical Practice Guideline on the Treatment of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) with Positive Airway Pressure with respect to its relevance and applicability to the practice of sleep medicine by sleep specialists in various regions of the world. To improve the evaluation of the guideline, surveys were sent by the senior author and the WSS to approximately 800 sleep doctors around the world to query the availability of OSA treatments in their respective region.

Role of concentric needle Single Fiber Electromyography in detection of subclinical motor involvement in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Background: Conventional motor nerve conduction studies are usually normal in early and mild carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) measures the mean consecutive difference (MCD) as an expression of the variability in impulse transmission over the motor endplates and along the nerve fibers distally to the last branching point and along the muscle fibers.Application of concentric needle SFEMG in a group of CTS patients who showed pure sensory abnormalities in nerve conduction studies to examine for subclinical motor involvement.

Motor cortex rTMS improves dexterity in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

The motor cortex (MC) receives an excitatory input from the cerebellum which is reduced in patients with cerebellar lesions. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces cortical facilitation which can counteract the reduced cerebellar drive to the MC. Our study included 24 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients with dysmetria.

Obstructive sleep apnea in epilepsy: a preliminary Egyptian study.

Purpose: The extent and clinical relevance of the association between epilepsy and sleep apnea are not previously studied in Egypt. What we wanted to know was the frequency of sleep apnea in Egyptian children with epilepsy and its influence on seizure frequency, other seizure characteristics, sleep complaint, and architecture.

Methods: All patients with epilepsy, aged up to 18 years, who underwent polysomnography were studied.

Case control series of intrathecal autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell therapy for chronic spinal cord injury.

Background: Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells that include stem cells (MSCs) are a clinically attractive cellular therapy option to try to treat severe spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective: To study the possible value of MSCs injected intrathecally to enhance rehabilitation.

Methods: This case control, convenience sample included 64 patients, at a mean of 3.

Sleep evoked delta frequency responses show a linear decline in amplitude across the adult lifespan.

Aging is associated with many changes in sleep, with one of the most prominent being a reduction in slow wave sleep. Traditional measures of this phenomenon rely on spontaneous activity and typically confound the incidence and amplitude of delta waves. The measurement of evoked K-complexes during sleep, enable separate assessment of incidence and amplitude taken from the averaged K-complex waveform.

Sleep and respiratory stimulus specific dampening of cortical responsiveness in OSAS.

The application of inspiratory occlusion stimuli produces cortical responses called respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs). During wakefulness the RREP waveform consists of early P1 and Nf components, an N1 and a P300. During non-REM sleep the predominant component is an N550, best seen in the averages of elicited K-complexes.