The impact of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) and three-dimensional breast ultrasound (3DUS) on the characterization of the disease extend in cancer patients.

Objective: The main importance of imaging breast cancer is to guide conservative surgeries. In this study, we evaluated the role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) in correlation with three-dimensional (3D) breast ultrasound in characterizing the extension of the intramammary cancer in view of the: (i) the size of the main tumor, (ii) the multiplicity of the breast cancer, and (iii) the peri-tumoral stromal involvement (i.e.

Staging of breast cancer and the advanced applications of digital mammogram: what the physician needs to know?

Objective: To study the role of advanced applications of digital mammogram, whether contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), in the "T" staging of histologically proven breast cancer before planning for treatment management.

Methods: In this prospective analysis, we evaluated 98 proved malignant breast masses regarding their size, multiplicity and the presence of associated clusters of microcalcifications. Evaluation methods included digital mammography (DM), 3D tomosynthesis and CESM.