Capitellum and Capitellar-Trochlear Shear Injury in Children.

Objectives: We report our clinical results following surgical intervention for capitellar fractures in a pediatric population, highlighting approaches, surgical instruments, and possible prognostic factors.

Design: Retrospective descriptive case-series study.

Setting: A tertiary referral hospital.

Universal neonatal foot orthotics-a novel treatment of infantile metatarsus adductus.

Approximately one in 100 babies has metatarsus adductus) MTA(. Although most deformities may resolve spontaneously, moderate and severe deformities might cause future discomfort and are therefore often treated. Common treatment alternatives include stretching, serial casting, and orthoses.

"What can you C in a limping child?" Scurvy in an otherwise healthy "picky eater".

We present a case of an otherwise healthy 3-year-old child who presented with limping, bone pain, fatigue, and agitation. Differential diagnosis included an infection of the bone, malignancy, an inflammatory bone disease, and metabolic bone disease. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower limbs and the spine was consistent with scurvy, and the diagnosis was confirmed by very low levels of vitamin C.

Accelerating Telemedicine for Cerebral Palsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.

The effects of COVID-19 extend beyond the pandemic and are expected to transform healthcare in various ways, many of which remain unknown. With social distancing, telemedicine may become the preferred communication channel between caregivers and patients. Implications for cerebral palsy (CP) children are that this will pose a challenge within this transformation.

Skeletal Changes After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Osteopetrosis.

Osteopetrosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia resulting from an osteoclast defect leading to increased bone mass and density. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can rescue the disease phenotype and prevent complications. However, little is known about the skeletal changes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation induces in patients with this disease.

Human Muscle Progenitor Cells Overexpressing Neurotrophic Factors Improve Neuronal Regeneration in a Sciatic Nerve Injury Mouse Model.

The peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability to regenerate after injury. However, this process is slow, incomplete, and often accompanied by disturbing motor and sensory consequences. Sciatic nerve injury (SNI), which is the most common model for studying peripheral nerve injury, is characterized by damage to both motor and sensory fibers.

The efficacy of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in the diagnosis of bacteria from blood, bone and synovial fluid samples of children with musculoskeletal infections.

Background: Musculoskeletal infections are among the most common bacterial infections in children leading to hospitalization, invasive procedures and prolonged antibiotic administration. Blood, synovial and sometimes tissue cultures are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections; 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing is a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of bacteria.While the yield of 16S rDNA sequencing in synovial fluid was previously assessed, data regarding the efficacy of this method from blood samples or partially treated children with suspected musculoskeletal infections is lacking.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and Hip Arthritis in an Adolescent Following an Isolated Fracture of the Greater Trochanter: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Case: A healthy adolescent sustained an isolated fracture of the greater trochanter after falling from a height. He was treated nonoperatively. After 10 weeks of improvement, the pain recurred, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head was diagnosed.

The outcome of early revision of malaligned pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.

Background: Supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) are the most common elbow fractures requiring surgical treatment in the pediatric age group. Most fractures are reduced and stabilised adequately. Yet, post-surgical malunion may occur.

Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: effect of bone-implant interface conditions on fracture stability.

Background: Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wires (KWs) is the standard of care of pediatric supra-condylar humerus fractures (SCHFs). Failure modes leading to loss of reduction are not clear and have not been quantified. Multiple factors may weaken the KW-bone interface bonding conditions.

Divergent elbow dislocation in the very young child: easily treated if correctly diagnosed.

We report a case of a 3-year-old boy that sustained a divergent elbow dislocation and was treated appropriately once the diagnosis was established. The purpose of this report is to bring attention to this rare injury.

The role of patient-provider communication for black women making decisions about breast cancer treatment.

Objective: Recent reports suggest that Black breast cancer patients receive adjuvant therapies less often than their White counterparts; however, few studies have examined the self-reported experiences of Black breast cancer patients making treatment decisions. This study examined cultural beliefs and healthcare factors that impacted Black women's treatment decisions.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 49 Black women with early stage breast cancer (stages 0-III).

CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of pediatric osteoid osteoma utilizing a water-cooled tip.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has a success rate of 70% to 90% in the treatment of osteoid osteoma (OO). Failures are due to malpositioning of probes or incomplete ablation, possibly related to conventional probes' small heating diameter (range, .5-.

Caregiver status: a potential risk factor for extreme self-neglect.

Background: Family caregivers are known to be at risk for physical illness and emotional distress caused by the extreme demands of the caregiving task.

Objective: The authors present the case of a middle-aged, well-educated woman with advanced endometrial cancer, the symptoms of which she had ignored over an extended period of time because of her family obligations.

Method: The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy and was evaluated for depression and subsequent delirium.

Sonographic detection of radiographically occult fractures in pediatric ankle and wrist injuries.

Background: In some pediatric ankle and wrist injuries, the clinical picture is suggestive of a fracture despite negative standard radiographs.

Objective: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the effectiveness of high-resolution ultrasound (US) in differentiating radiographically occult fractures from sprains.

Methods: During a period of 3 years children aged 2 to 16 years, who sustained an acute ankle and wrist injury suggestive of being a fracture on clinical examination, but with negative radiograph, were referred for high-resolution US.

Tropical pyomyositis of the hip short external rotators associated with elevated intra compartmental pressure.

Two boys with the clinical and radiographic picture of acute tropical pyomyositis of the short external rotators of the hip were treated surgically followed by parenteral antibiotics (Figure 1). Intraoperatively, no pus was found. Histopathology specimens from 1 patient demonstrated small foci of degenerative changes and necrosis without evidence of infection (Figure 2).

Supervising the supervisors: a case-based group forum for faculty development.

Objective: Faculty development has increasingly become a focus in medical education. Many models are employed around the United States. The authors present a group model process developed to train new educators to teach our medical students.

Optimism, social support, and adjustment in African American women with breast cancer.

Past studies show that optimism and social support are associated with better adjustment following breast cancer treatment. Most studies have examined these relationships in predominantly non-Hispanic White samples. The present study included 77 African American women treated for nonmetastatic breast cancer.

The measurements and standardization of humerocondylar angle in children.

Background: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are very common. However, the literature regarding measurements of normal anatomical relationships of the distal humerus in sagittal plane is sparse.

Method: We reviewed the radiographs of normal elbow joints in 142 children treated in our hospital over 2 years.

Underreduced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children: clinical significance at skeletal maturity.

Background: Although supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are common, the literature is sparse regarding acceptable limits of reduction of these fractures in the sagittal plane.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 223 pediatric cases of supracondylar fractures of the elbow treated in our hospital between the years 1996 and 2000.

Results: In 30 patients, we found some degree of underreduction of the extension component of the fracture.

Near-fatal air embolus during arthrography of the hip in a baby aged four months.

We describe a near-fatal event, probably due to air embolism, following an air arthrogram for developmental hip dysplasia in a baby aged four months. The sequence of events and the subsequent treatment are described. There is little information about this complication in the literature.

Gender bias in the diagnosis of a geriatric standardized patient: a potential confounding variable.

Background: Gender bias has been reported in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a variety of illnesses. In the context of our 10-station fourth year Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation, we queried whether this could influence diagnosis in a geriatric case. Case writers hypothesized that, due to this bias, the female standardized patient may be diagnosed with depression more often than the male.

Standardized versus open-ended assessment of psychosocial and medical concerns among African American breast cancer patients.

Standardized quality of life measures have been developed and used primarily with Caucasian and middle-class cancer patients. This study assessed the ability of several widely used standardized measures to capture the concerns and problems of 89 African American breast cancer patients. Concerns and problems were assessed using both an open-ended format and standardized measures.