Creating Supportive Contexts for Early Adolescents during the First Year of Middle School: Impact of a Developmentally Responsive Multi-Component Intervention.

The transition to middle school is recognized as a period of increased risk for students' adjustment difficulties across the academic, behavioral, and social domains, underscoring the need for developmentally responsive interventions that address these potential vulnerabilities. This study examined the impact of a multi-component intervention on students' perceived adjustment during the first year of middle school using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. A total of 24 metropolitan schools (12 intervention), 220 teachers (122 intervention), and 2925 students (1537 intervention) participated.

Active and inactive forms of biotin synthase occur in .

, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a plant-parasitic nematode capable of manipulating host plant biochemistry and development. Many studies have suggested that the nematode has acquired genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer events (HGTs) that have the potential to enhance nematode parasitism. A recent allelic imbalance analysis identified two candidate virulence genes, which also appear to have entered the SCN genome through HGTs.

Enriched environment exposure accelerates rodent driving skills.

Although rarely used, long-term behavioral training protocols provide opportunities to shape complex skills in rodent laboratory investigations that incorporate cognitive, motor, visuospatial and temporal functions to achieve desired goals. In the current study, following preliminary research establishing that rats could be taught to drive a rodent operated vehicle (ROV) in a forward direction, as well as steer in more complex navigational patterns, male rats housed in an enriched environment were exposed to the rodent driving regime. Compared to standard-housed rats, enriched-housed rats demonstrated more robust learning in driving performance and their interest in the ROV persisted through extinction trials.

Pathotypes Detected Among Populations of Collected From Montana.

The root lesion nematode, , is one of the most damaging nematodes to affect wheat worldwide. The nematode is widely distributed in Montana, primarily affecting winter wheat within the state. Managing the nematode primarily involves rotation to resistant and moderately resistant crops (peas, lentils, and barley).

Practice Patterns Relating to the Use of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition in Australian Renal Units: Results From a Survey of Renal Dietitians.

Objective: The objective of this study is to document the patterns of usage regarding intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) within in-center hemodialysis units in Australia.

Design And Methods: This study used purposive non-probabilistic sampling to obtain details of the proportion of units using IDPN; formulations used; infusion rates; and barriers and enablers to usage. All participants were practicing renal dietitians in Australia.

Optimizing brain performance: Identifying mechanisms of adaptive neurobiological plasticity.

Although neuroscience research has debunked the late 19 century claims suggesting that large portions of the brain are typically unused, recent evidence indicates that an enhanced understanding of neural plasticity may lead to greater insights related to the functional capacity of brains. Continuous and real-time neural modifications in concert with dynamic environmental contexts provide opportunities for targeted interventions for maintaining healthy brain functions throughout the lifespan. Neural design, however, is far from simplistic, requiring close consideration of context-specific and other relevant variables from both species and individual perspectives to determine the functional gains from increased and decreased markers of neuroplasticity.

The association between dietetic consultation and time to dialysis for patients attending a pre-dialysis clinic: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: A multidisciplinary approach, including dietetics, is considered the optimal model of care for dialysis preparation. Dietetic consultation (DC) focuses on symptom management and dietary changes to delay time to dialysis. Evidence of the effectiveness of DC on time to dialysis is limited.

White matter volume and white/gray matter ratio in mammalian species as a consequence of the universal scaling of cortical folding.

Because the white matter of the cerebral cortex contains axons that connect distant neurons in the cortical gray matter, the relationship between the volumes of the 2 cortical compartments is key for information transmission in the brain. It has been suggested that the volume of the white matter scales universally as a function of the volume of the gray matter across mammalian species, as would be expected if a global principle of wiring minimization applied. Using a systematic analysis across several mammalian clades, here we show that the volume of the white matter does not scale universally with the volume of the gray matter across mammals and is not optimized for wiring minimization.

Synthetic studies towards the penicisulfuranols: Synthesis of an advanced spirocyclic diketopiperazine intermediate.

The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) moiety is a core feature of many natural products and medicinally relevant scaffolds. As part of our efforts directed towards a total synthesis of penicisulfuranol B, we have developed and report herein: (1) the preparation of an diketopiperazine intermediate accessible via a molybdenum-mediated oxidation of a parent diketopiperazine, and (2) further synthetic studies leading to a novel spirocyclic dihydrobenzofuran-containing diketopiperazine.

Here one year, gone the next? Investigating persistence of frequent emergency department attendance: a retrospective study in Australia.

Objectives: Patients are presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with increasing complexity at rates beyond population growth and ageing. Intervention studies target patients with 12 months or less of frequent attendance. However, these interventions are not well targeted since most patients do not remain frequent attenders.

Challenges to the parental brain: Neuroethological and translational considerations.

Extending from research documenting adaptive parental responses in nonthreatening contexts, the influences of various neuroethological and physiological challenges on effective parenting responses are considered in the current review. In natural habitats, rodent family units are exposed to predators, compromised resources, and other environmental stressors that disrupt HPA axis functions. With the additional physiological demands associated with caring for offspring, alterations in stress-related neuroendocrine responsiveness contribute to adaptive responses in many challenging contexts.

Impact of body mass index on utilization of selected hospital resources for four common surgical procedures.

Background: Evidence about the impact of obesity on surgical resource consumption in the Australian setting is equivocal. Our objectives were to quantify the prevalence of obesity in four frequently performed surgical procedures and explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and hospital resource utilization including procedural duration, length of stay (LOS) and costs.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing four surgical procedures at a tertiary referral centre in New South Wales, between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016, was conducted.

Unrecognized Intramolecular and Intermolecular Attractive Interactions between Fluorine-Containing Motifs and Ether, Carbonyl, and Amino Moieties.

In order to elucidate to what extent Coulombic and other interactions contribute to the origins of contrasteric phenomena, we have identified a significant, previously unrecognized interaction between fluorine-containing motifs and groups or molecules containing main-group heteroatoms. The axial conformers of both 2-methoxy- and 2-trifluoromethoxytetrahydropyrans preferentially adopt a rotameric arrangement in which the OCH and the OCF groups are gauche to the ring oxygen. Given that one would expect a repulsive Columbic interaction to exist between the electronegative fluorines of the CF group and the ring oxygen in this rotomeric orientation, this surprising result suggests that an attractive interaction exists between the CF group and the oxygen of the ring.

Transcriptome Profiling and Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal and Other Defense Genes Involved in Multiple Signaling Pathways Induced by Herbicide Safener in Grain Sorghum.

Herbicide safeners protect cereal crops from herbicide injury by inducing genes and proteins involved in detoxification reactions, such as glutathione -transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (P450s). Only a few studies have characterized gene or protein expression profiles for investigating plant responses to safener treatment in cereal crops, and most transcriptome analyses in response to safener treatments have been conducted in dicot model species that are not protected by safener from herbicide injury. In this study, three different approaches were utilized in grain sorghum ( (L.

Influences of basic numerical abilities on graph reading performance.

Understanding graphically presented information is an important aspect of modern mathematical and science literacy. In our study, we investigated the influence of basic numerical abilities on students' ability answer mathematical tasks with information presented in graphs. We analyzed data of 750 German students (grades 9-11) and evaluated the determinants of graph reading performance with multiple regression analysis using predictors of basic numerical abilities (such as number line estimation, basic arithmetic operations, etc.