Emotion word production tasks grant insight into the development of emotion word organization and accessibility.

Children are often instructed to "use their words" to communicate their emotions, which requires them to quickly access words that best describe their feelings. Adults vary in their ability to bring both nonemotion and emotion words to mind (two capacities called and ). However, no studies have examined how emotion fluency emerges across development, despite the fact that mastering emotion language is an important developmental task.

Impact of easing COVID-19 restrictions on antibiotic usage in Eastern China using wastewater-based epidemiology.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019, prompting the implementation of a "zero-COVID" policy in Mainland China. The easing of this policy in December 2022 led to a surge in COVID cases, which was believed to significantly increase antibiotic usage, potentially due to antibiotic misuse or increased coinfections. Our study aimed to compare antibiotic consumption and patterns before and after this policy adjustment.

A complex intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in rural China: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Excessive use of antibiotics is a widespread problem. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of a multifaceted intervention for reducing antibiotic use in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs).

Methods: In this two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial, we enrolled patients aged 18+ with symptomatic RTIs at 40 township health centers (THCs) selected from 10 counties in Anhui, China.

Influences on use of antibiotics without prescription by the public in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence.

Objectives: Self-medication with antibiotics is common practice in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This review synthesizes the qualitative evidence on influences on perceptions and practices in relation to self-medication by the public with antibiotics in LMIC.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted of relevant medical, international and social science databases.

Perceptual sensitivity to labeling stereotyped emotion expressions: Associations with age and subclinical psychopathology symptoms from childhood through early adulthood.

This study investigates (a) age-related differences in how the intensity of stereotyped facial expressions influence the emotion label children, adolescents, and adults assign to that face and (b) how this perceptual sensitivity relates to subclinical symptoms of psychopathology. In 2015-2016, 184 participants aged 4-25 years viewed posed stereotypes of angry, fearful, sad, and happy expressions morphed with neutral expressions at 10%-90% intensity. Thin plate regression smoothing splines were used to chart nonlinear associations between age and the perceptual threshold participants needed to assign the emotion label expected based on cultural consensus.

Global acute malnutrition is associated with geography, season and malaria incidence in the conflict-affected regions of Ouham and Ouham Pendé prefectures, Central African Republic.

Background: Ongoing conflict between multiple armed groups, including pastoralist herders in the Central African Republic (CAR) causes frequent population displacements, food insecurity and scarcity of healthcare services. The inaccessibility and insecurity of many areas of CAR limit data collection and assessments from national nutritional surveys. Community health workers (CHWs) trained by an international non-governmental organisation, The MENTOR Initiative, deliver basic healthcare to children under 5 years old living in hard-to-reach and conflict-affected areas in eight subprefectures of north-west CAR.

Antibiotic prescribing and bacterial infection in COVID-19 inpatients in Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prescribing of antibiotics to treat COVID-19 patients has been observed to occur frequently, often without clear justification. This trend raises concerns that it may have exacerbated antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite longstanding concerns over AMR in Southeast Asian countries, data on this issue are notably lacking.

A Scalable Histological Method to Embed and Section Multiple Brains Simultaneously.

The preparation and processing of rodent brains for evaluation by immunohistochemistry is time-consuming. A large number of mouse brains are routinely used in experiments in neuroscience laboratories to evaluate several models of human diseases. Thus, methods are needed to reduce the time associated with processing brains for histology.

The unseen use of antimicrobials: Drivers of human antibiotic use in a community in Thailand and implications for surveillance.

We investigated sociocultural and economic drivers of human antimicrobial use (AMU) in Thailand through ethnographic research, interviews, focus groups and a cross-sectional survey. This community-based study generated findings clustered around three key themes: treatment-seeking practices, medicine use, and interpretation of biomedical constructs. Participants sought care from public health facilities for chronic conditions, but medicines from the private sector were considered more powerful and were preferred for acute complaints.

Modulation of redox reactivity of resazurin through host-guest complexation with Cucurbit[]uril ( = 7, 8).

Resazurin (Alamar Blue, RZ) is a widely utilized fluorescent probe for biological sensing, whose fluorescent intensity can be modulated by changing its redox states; thereby, electrochemical reactivity of RZ is of significance when designing a sensing assay. Herein, we report novel two-way electrochemical reactivity modulation of RZ using host-guest complexation with rigid molecular containers cucurbit[]uril (CB, = 7, 8). The complexation between CB and RZ is confirmed by H NMR measurements and supported by computational simulation, and the binding constants are determined via UV-vis titration.

A spinal cord neuroprosthesis for locomotor deficits due to Parkinson's disease.

People with late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from debilitating locomotor deficits that are resistant to currently available therapies. To alleviate these deficits, we developed a neuroprosthesis operating in closed loop that targets the dorsal root entry zones innervating lumbosacral segments to reproduce the natural spatiotemporal activation of the lumbosacral spinal cord during walking. We first developed this neuroprosthesis in a non-human primate model that replicates locomotor deficits due to PD.

Optic Canal Size is an Indicator for the Accessory Optic Canal: Applications for Anterior Clinoidectomy.

Background: The ophthalmic artery normally travels with the optic nerve through the optic canal. However, sometimes, the ophthalmic artery travels through a foramen within the optic strut named an accessory optic canal, double optic canal, or ophthalmic canal. This variant puts individuals at an increased risk for blindness or death during anterior clinoidectomy due to unforeseen hemorrhage of the ophthalmic artery or internal carotid artery when the optic strut is separated from the body of the sphenoid bone.

Prevalence of antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients in China and other low- and middle-income countries during the pandemic (December 2019-March 2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Use of antibiotics to treat COVID-19 patients during the pandemic may have contributed to increasing the AMR burden, but systematic evidence is lacking.

Methods: We searched Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and VIP databases from 1 December 2019 to 31 March 2021.

Understanding adherence to self-isolation in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study.

Background: During the early "containment" phase of the COVID-19 response in England (January-March 2020), contact tracing was managed by Public Health England (PHE). Adherence to self-isolation during this phase and how people were making those decisions has not previously been determined. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of decisions around adherence to self-isolation during the first phase of the COVID-19 response in England.

Antibiotics in Catalan Primary Care: Prescription, Use and Remedies for a Crisis of Care.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the twenty-first century's major health challenges. Linked to the extensive use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, resistance occurs when microbes stop responding to medications. Rates of antibiotic consumption in Spain are among the highest in Europe.

Influences on treatment-seeking and antibiotic use for common illnesses in eastern China.

Background: Antibiotic resistance rates remain high in China where antibiotics are widely used for common illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the influences on people's decisions on treatment and antibiotic use for common illnesses in eastern China.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 patients recruited through convenience sampling between July 2020 and January 2021 in one hospital in County A in Zhejiang Province, and one hospital and one village clinic in County B in Jiangsu Province, respectively.

Prevalence, drivers and surveillance of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use in rural China: Interdisciplinary study.

This study aimed to characterise antibiotic prescribing and dispensing patterns in rural health facilities in China and determine the community prevalence of antibiotic resistance. We investigated patterns and drivers of antibiotic use for common respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTI/UTI) in community settings, examined relationships between presenting symptoms, clinical diagnosis and microbiological results in rural outpatient clinics, and assessed potential for using patient records to monitor antibiotic use. This interdisciplinary mixed methods study included: (i) Observations and exit interviews in eight village clinics and township health centres and 15 retail pharmacies; (ii) Urine, throat swab and sputum samples from patients to identify potential pathogens and test susceptibility; (iii) 103 semi-structured interviews with doctors, patients, pharmacy workers and antibiotic-purchasing customers; (iv) Assessment of completeness and accuracy of electronic patient records through comparison with observational data.

A survey of patient and public perceptions and awareness of SARS-CoV-2-related risks among participants in India and South Africa.

A cross-sectional survey among participants in India and South Africa to explore perceptions and awareness of SARS-CoV-2-related risks. Main outcome measures-proportion of participants aware of SARS-CoV-2, and their perception of infection risks as it related to their views and perceptions on vaccination, i.e.