HOXC9 directly regulates distinct sets of genes to coordinate diverse cellular processes during neuronal differentiation.

Background: Cellular differentiation is characterized by the acquisition of specialized structures and functions, cell cycle exit, and global attenuation of the DNA damage response. It is largely unknown how these diverse cellular events are coordinated at the molecular level during differentiation. We addressed this question in a model system of neuroblastoma cell differentiation induced by HOXC9.

Sample prep for proteomics of breast cancer: proteomics and gene ontology reveal dramatic differences in protein solubilization preferences of radioimmunoprecipitation assay and urea lysis buffers.

Background: An important step in the proteomics of solid tumors, including breast cancer, consists of efficiently extracting most of proteins in the tumor specimen. For this purpose, Radio-Immunoprecipitation Assay (RIPA) buffer is widely employed. RIPA buffer's rapid and highly efficient cell lysis and good solubilization of a wide range of proteins is further augmented by its compatibility with protease and phosphatase inhibitors, ability to minimize non-specific protein binding leading to a lower background in immunoprecipitation, and its suitability for protein quantitation.

Dramatic down-regulation of oxidoreductases in human hepatocellular carcinoma hepG2 cells: proteomics and gene ontology unveiling new frontiers in cancer enzymology.

Background: Oxidoreductases are enzymes that catalyze many redox reactions in normal and neoplastic cells. Their actions include catalysis of the transformation of free, neutral oxygen gas into oxygen free radicals, superoxide, hydroperoxide, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. These activated forms of oxygen contribute to oxidative stress that modifies lipids, proteins, DNA and carbohydrates.

The effect of alkylamine additives on the sensitivity of detection for paclitaxel and docetaxel and analysis in plasma of paclitaxel by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The formation of multiple molecular ions, especially due to sodium adduct ion formation, is commonly observed in electrospray mass spectrometry and may make reproducible and sensitive quantitation difficult. The objective of this work was to investigate the underlying mechanism involved in the suppression of multiple molecular ion formation and to improve the sensitivity of detection for the two anti-neoplastic agents paclitaxel and docetaxel. The results showed that alkylamine additives could significantly improve the detection of paclitaxel and docetaxel by suppression of multiple molecular ions through preferential formation of a predominant alkylamine adduct ion.