An Evaluation of the Effect of App-Based Exercise Prescription Using Reinforcement Learning on Satisfaction and Exercise Intensity: Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: The increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles has prompted the development of innovative public health interventions, such as smartphone apps that deliver personalized exercise programs. The widespread availability of mobile technologies (eg, smartphone apps and wearable activity trackers) provides a cost-effective, scalable way to remotely deliver personalized exercise programs to users. Using machine learning (ML), specifically reinforcement learning (RL), may enhance user engagement and effectiveness of these programs by tailoring them to individual preferences and needs.

The Validity of Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 for Serial Measurements of Heart Rate Variability and Resting Heart Rate.

The widespread use of wearable devices has enabled continuous monitoring of biometric data, including heart rate variability (HRV) and resting heart rate (RHR). However, the validity of these measurements, particularly from consumer devices like Apple Watch, remains underexplored. This study aimed to validate HRV measurements obtained from Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 against the Polar H10 chest strap paired with the Kubios HRV software, which together served as the reference standard.

Educating nurses to deliver optimum care to military veterans and their families.

The aim of the project was to help prepare the future nursing workforce to provide optimum care for the Armed Forces Community. Structured evidenced-based educational sessions were designed and then delivered at two Universities in England. This educational model included a flipped approach, didactic classroom teaching, blended learning, and information technology.

Prognostic significance of failure to cross esophageal tumors by endoluminal ultrasound.

Failure to intubate and cross esophageal tumors by endosonography is reported in as many as 30% of cases and is thought to be associated with an especially poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to audit the above in a large consecutive case series of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) examinations for esophageal cancer performed in a regional specialist cancer network with particular reference to outcome. A consecutive series of 411 patients underwent EUS examination by a specialist radiologist over a period of 9 years.

Pharmacokinetics of falipamil after intravenous administration to humans.

Falipamil (2-[3-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenetylmethylamino]propyl]-5,6- dimethoxyphthalamidine; 1) is a new specific bradycardic agent for the treatment of sinus tachycardia. Pharmacokinetics of falipamil in humans (n = 6) was determined in plasma and urine after iv administration of 100 mg (1.85 MBq) per person of 14C-labeled drug by liquid scintillation counting and by a specific, sensitive reversed-phase totally automated HPLC system with fluorimetric detection.

Cohesion in schizophrenic narratives, revisited.

Many investigations into schizophrenic speech dysfunction have not taken into account the mechanisms for normal speech production. Moreover, not all investigators have ensured that schizophrenic subjects belong to that group which does show deviant speech structures. We chose speech-disordered subjects who were asked to produce a narrative after viewing a short videostory.

Tanakan inhibits platelet-activating-factor-induced platelet aggregation in healthy male volunteers.

An open study to investigate the PAF-acether antagonist activity of Tanakan in healthy male volunteers examined the effect of a single 15-ml oral dose on ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen or PAF-acether. Aggregometry was performed on platelet-rich plasma samples from blood taken 1 h before dosing with Tanakan and 2, 4 and 8 h after intake of Tanakan. Following dosing with Tanakan there was a reduction in platelet aggregation at all doses of PAF, with 1 microM ADP and adrenaline, the most significant decreases occurred with 75 nM PAF-acether 4 h after intake (p less than 0.

Metabolic fate of the thrombolytic agent benzarone in man: comparison with the rat and dog.

1. The metabolic fate of 14C-benzarone in the rat and dog has been compared to that in human subjects. An oral dose was well-absorbed in all three species.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-tinidazole in humans.

Following intravenous infusion of 800 mg of 14C-tinidazole during 30 min to two human subjects, a mean of 44% of the dose was excreted in urine during the first 24 h, increasing to 63% of the dose during five days: 12% of the dose was excreted in the faeces, indicating the possible involvement of biliary excretion and other secretory processes in the disposition of tinidazole. At 6 min after the end of the infusion, the mean plasma tinidazole concentration was 12 mg/l. Tinidazole was a major component in 0-120 h urine (about 32% of urinary 14C): the major metabolite in the 0-12 h urine examined was ethyl 2-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-nitro-1-imidazolyl)ethyl sulphone (about 30% urinary 14C), the product of hydroxylation and nitro-group migration.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the anti-emetic agent bromopride.

The pharmacokinetics of bromopride, an anti-emetic agent chemically related to metoclopramide, has been investigated in normal human subjects. After intravenous bolus doses of 10 mg, a one-compartment open model appeared adequate to describe the plasma drug concentration data. The systemic clearance of bromopride was 899 ml min-1 +/- 22 per cent CV, the volume of distribution was 2151 +/- 16 per cent CV, and the elimination half-life was 2.

Interaction of antimicrobial agents with human peripheral blood leucocytes: uptake and intracellular localization of certain sulphonamides and trimethoprims.

The uptake of sulphamethoxazole, sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine, sulphanilamide, trimethoprim and brodimoprim by human peripheral blood leucocytes, has been investigated. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assay drug concentrations before and after incubation with leucocyte suspensions. Using radiolabelled material the intracellular localization of two of these compounds was also determined.

A randomized controlled trial of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.

A randomized controlled study in a family practice setting was conducted on the use of hypnosis in helping people quit smoking. In the hypnosis group 21 percent of patients quit smoking by the three month follow-up compared with 6 percent in the control group. By six months there were no significant differences between the two groups, and at one year 22 percent in the hypnosis group and 20 percent in the control group had quit.

Study of the tolerance and diuretic properties of torasemide following oral or intravenous administration to healthy volunteers.

The tolerance and diuretic properties of torasemide after oral or intravenous administration to healthy volunteers were studied. Six groups, each of 6 subjects, were given single rising oral doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg; 8 subjects received ascending i.v.

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, ryosidine, in man.

The metabolic fate of [14C]ryosidine (ryodipine) has been investigated after oral administration to human subjects (by capsule), and to rats and dogs (in solution). The excretion patterns of 14C were similar for all three species: about 50% dose was excreted in urine, mainly in 24 h, but a proportion was excreted slowly, particularly by humans. Absorption in man appeared to be less than in the animal species, probably as a result of the capsule dosage form used.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of certain salicylates and their major metabolites in plasma following topical administration of a liniment to healthy subjects.

The liniment used is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory preparation containing two active constituents, 3-phenylpropylsalicylate and ethyl-5-methoxysalicylate, in solution in isobutyl decanoate. It is known that 3-phenylpropylsalicylate is metabolised to salicylic acid and salicyluric acid and ethyl-5-methoxysalicylate is metabolised to 5-methoxysalicylic acid and gentisic acid. In the present study the separation of the salicylates and their metabolites was carried out on a Waters mu Bondapak C18 column using two different mobile phases, methanol-water (80:20) for the parent drugs and methanol-5% aqueous acetic acid (27:73) for their metabolites.

Bioequivalence of a sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate formulation at steady-state.

Isosorbide 2,5-dinitrate and its pharmacologically active metabolites, isosorbide 2-nitrate and isosorbide 5-nitrate, in plasma accumulated to the predicted steady-state after five consecutive oral doses of sustained-release tablets containing 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate at 12-h intervals and after five consecutive oral doses of reference standard-release tablets containing 20 mg at 6-h intervals to 12 subjects in a crossover study. The comparative bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 2-nitrate and isosorbide 5-nitrate from the sustained-release tablet was 110 per cent (p greater than 0.05), 89 per cent (p greater than 0.

Sudden death of a volunteer.

A volunteer participating in a study of eproxindine, a new antiarrhythmic agent, had a sudden cardiorespiratory arrest and died. Subsequently it became known that he had received a depot injection of flupenthixol on the day before his death; an interaction between these two drugs seems likely. This incident illustrates that it is impossible to guarantee absolute safety in volunteer studies if details of medical history are withheld.

Gas chromatographic determination of mefloquine in human and dog plasma using electron-capture detection.

A sensitive and selective gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of plasma levels of mefloquine in human and dog plasma is described. The drug and internal standard were extracted from plasma at pH 9.0 into isopropyl acetate.

Central effects in man of the novel schistosomicidal benzodiazepine meclonazepam.

The novel benzodiazepine derivative, meclonazepam (3-methylclonazepam) has been found to be orally effective at high doses against all stages of schistosomiasis. Animals studies have shown it to have a high therapeutic index and a profile of behavioural activity typical of the benzodiazepines. The effects of single oral doses of meclonazepam, 1, 2 and 4 mg on central arousal, psychomotor performance and subjective mood were studied in two double-blind placebo controlled studies in healthy volunteers.

Isosorbide dinitrate plasma concentrations and bioavailability in human subjects after administration of standard oral and sublingual formulations.

The bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate from formulations containing 5, 10, and 20 mg in tablets and 10 mg in solution for oral use and 5 mg in tablets for sublingual use, has been compared. When adjusted for dose, the peak mean plasma drug concentrations after oral administration were similar (e.g.

Isosorbide 5-mononitrate kinetics.

The kinetics of isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) were studied in 12 healthy subjects after intravenous infusion and oral doses of 20 mg. Kinetic parameters calculated by model-independent methods or by assumption of a one-compartment open model were in good agreement. Mean (+/- SD) systemic clearance of 5-ISMN was 127 +/- 21 ml/min, volume of distribution was 48.

[Bioavailability of isosorbide-5-mononitrate from delayed-action formulations].

The relative bioavailability of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) has been determined after a 3-day period of dosing with 20 mg in standard-release reference tablets and sustained-release capsules at 12-h intervals, 40 mg in sustained-release capsules (Olicard 40 retard) at 24-h intervals and after single oral dose of 60 mg sustained-release capsules (Olicard 60 retard), in a cross-over study with 12 human subjects. Accumulation factors of 1.1-fold or 1.

Metabolic fact of 14C-isosorbide 5-mononitrate in humans.

Single oral doses of 20 mg of the carbon-14 labelled form of the antianginal drug isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN, Elantan) were essentially completely absorbed and excreted fairly rapidly in the urine. Means of 24, 52, 78, 93 and 96% dose were excreted during 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 h, respectively. Concentrations of 14C reached peak levels at about 1-2 h when about 86% of the 14C was associated with the parent drug, 5-ISMN (peak mean level 430 ng/ml), and the remainder mainly with the pharmacologically-inactive denitrated product isosorbide.