Capillary whole blood selenium determination in assessing selenium status of children.

Selenium levels in venous and capillary whole blood of children were assessed by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Selenium data obtained for both blood samples did not differ statistically (p > 0.05).

The mineral and trace element composition in French food items and intake levels in France.

A table was made of the composition of mineral and trace elements in different classes of French food items. The P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, I and Se contents of the main categories of food are presented. The mineral and trace element intakes of the average French consumer were calculated from national survey data concerning all food items purchased by households.

Thiotungstate-copper interactions II. The effects of tetrathiotungstate on systemic copper metabolism in normal and copper-treated rats.

The intraperitoneal administration of tetrathiotungstate to rats (6-17.4 mg W/Kg BW) caused profound changes in copper metabolism in both normal rats and in rats pretreated with copper. Plasma copper associated with albumin increased, liver copper, particularly cytosol copper, was depleted, and biliary excretion was increased.

Thiotungstate-copper interactions. I. Studies on the metabolism of [185W] tetrathiotungstate and the systemic interactions of labeled pharmacological doses with copper in rats.

[185W] tetrathiotungstate was employed to study the metabolism of thiocompounds in rats after i.v. injection.

A simple system for nutritional studies with chronic consumption of liquid diet in rats.

A feeding system allowing liquid diet distribution to rats without any loss by evaporation is described. A liquid diet stirred continuously is offered to rats in water bottles. The diet is made available to the animals without any clotting throughout the 24-h period.

The effect of dietary copper on rat plasma apolipoprotein B, E plasma levels, and apolipoprotein gene expression in liver and intestine.

The plasma levels of apo B and apo E, and the level of hepatic and intestinal mRNA coding for these apolipoproteins were investigated in weanling male rats pair-fed for 6 wk with a control or copper-deficient diet. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were significantly increased, and plasma apo B and apo E levels were also markedly increased in copper-deficient rats as compared to control rats. Copper deficiency significantly increased triglyceride levels and decreased cholesterol levels in the liver.

The interactions of penicillamine with copper in vivo and the effect on hepatic metallothionein levels and copper/zinc distribution: the implications for Wilson's disease and arthritis therapy.

D-penicillamine does not remove copper from metallothionein, but it has been suggested that it may increase hepatic metallothionein levels. D-penicillamine was shown to increase rat hepatic metallothionein levels; however, the effect was dependent on an interaction with copper. The drug accelerated the excretion of exogenous copper but increased the amount retained on metallothionein.

Contribution of milk to iodine intake in France.

A survey based on 838 samples of milk obtained from 537 dairies covering 70 of 95 districts in France was organized to assess iodine content of milk and its contribution to total intake. Iodine levels were significantly higher in winter than in summer. Very low iodine contents (less than 25 micrograms I/kg) were found in the eastern part of the country (the Vosges, Jura, and the Alpes) and the Massif Central.

The effect of trithiomolybdate and some selenium compounds upon 109Cd labeled rat metallothionein in vitro: the possibilities for cadmium chelation therapy.

The main binding protein for 109Cd was metallothionein after in vitro incubation of various tissue cytosol preparations obtained from rats supplemented with zinc. The exception was heart cytosol where the label was associated with higher molecular weight proteins. The metallothionein-bound 109Cd was sensitive to trithiomolybdate and moved too higher molecular weight proteins, presumably because of the creation of new stronger ligands by the association of thiomolybdate with these proteins.

Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs: kinetics of bacterial dissemination and inflammation.

Infection and pyogranulomas induced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were experimentally reproduced in lambs. In two separate experiments, bacterial multiplication and dissemination were studied in 30 male lambs inoculated subcutaneously into the right ear with 1.1 or 1.

The influence of sulfur supplementation (methionine and sulfate) on the zinc availability of a poor diet in sheep.

A poor hay, with a low proteic level, decreases the zinc availability in lambs. Increasing the sulfur level with methionine and sulfate, of such a diet, enhances zinc absorption. However, sulfur is not the only factor limiting zinc availability in a hypoproteic diet.

[Determination of trace elements in the hair: significance and limitations].

Trace elements analysis in hair is sometimes used by clinician for a diagnosis of nutritional deficiency. Hair contents are supposed to reflect the elements status on an extended period. Hair may be contaminated by environment and its mineral composition may be modified in the different steps of the analytical process.

Behavior of [185W]thiotungstates injected into sheep and the influence of copper: their fate and the effect of the compounds upon plasma copper.

[185W]trithio- and tetrathiotungstates (0.5 mg W) were injected intravenously into sheep. The compounds circulated in plasma bound reversibly to plasma proteins, particularly to albumin.

Influence of molybdenum and sulfur on copper metabolism in sheep: comparison of elemental sulfur and sulfate.

French forages usually have low levels of molybdenum, and sulfur contents are often in excess in ruminant feeds. The minimum level of molybdenum able to trigger the copper sulfur molybdenum interference in sheep was measured with either elemental sulfur or sulfate (diets enriched to 5.2 g S/kg DM).

Iodine nutrition in ewes: effects of low to high iodine intake on iodine content of biological fluids in pregnant and lactating ewes.

In a first experiment, 2 groups of 46 and 47 multiparous ewes received diets which provided an iodine intake of 0.36 and 0.26 mg/kg dry matter (group C) and, 2.

Iodine nutrition in ewes. 2. Effects of low to high iodine intake by ewes on the I content of biological fluids and plasma immunoglobulins G in newborn lambs.

1. In two experiments samples of blood and organs were taken from newborn and young lambs born to five groups of ewes that received different dietary iodine (I) levels. Dietary I contents (mg/kg dry matter [DM]) in pregnancy and lactation, respectively, were: Experiment 1--0.

Studies of the changes in systemic copper metabolism and excretion produced by the intravenous administration of trithiomolybdate in sheep.

1. The effects of intravenous trithiomolybdate administration on the fate of 64Cu and on stable Cu metabolism were examined in sheep held in metabolism cages and fed on a low-Cu diet supplying 2.95 mg Cu/animal per d.

Iodine Content of Dairy Milk in France in 1983 and 1984.

Iodine concentrations were determined in 848 samples of milk from tanks of 537 dairy factories collected in 1983 and 1984 during winter and summer. Industrial processing, like pasteurization, UHT sterilization and spray-drying, had no effect on iodine concentrations. Of the samples of bovine milk, 94.

Cardiovascular lesions in cobalt-vitamin B12 deficient sheep.

Cardiovascular lesions were observed at necropsy in five of six sheep which were subjected to an experimentally induced cobalt-vitamin B12 deficiency during a period of 34 weeks. The classical symptoms of cobalt-vitamin B12 deficiency (anorexia, cachexia, anaemia) were seen in all six sheep at week 20 of the experiment. Histologically, lesions of the auricular epicardium and myocardium consisted of a high concentration of inflammatory cells dominated by polynuclear eosinophils as well as the haemorrhagic inflammation of blood vessels accompanied by necrosis of auricular tissue.

A preliminary study on selenium content of forages and local by-products in the Tadla area (Morocco) in connection with ovine nutritional myopathy.

In order to provide epidemiological support to tentative diagnosis of ovine enzootic myopathy in the Tadla area (Morocco), 20 feedstuff samples, representative of ovine rations, were tested for selenium content. All but one samples had a far lower value than the recommended level of 0.1 mg/kg dry matter.

Influence of protein intake on per os zinc deficiency treatment in sheep.

Two experiments were conducted on 20 male 3.5 month-old Limousin X Romanoff lambs, weighing between 30 and 35 kg. They received a zinc deficient diet based on 50% late harvested hay and 50% barley straw containing from 8 mg Zn/kg dry matter to 11.

The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in sheep: comparison of serum vitamin B12 levels measured by a microbiological and a radioisotope dilution technique.

Serum vitamin B12 from 6 sheep fed a diet containing 0.06 mg cobalt per kg dry matter (DM) was analysed by a radioisotope dilution (RID) technique. The results were compared with values obtained by a microbiological method (Lactobacillus leichmannii - ATCC 7830) specific for "true" vitamin B12.

Some studies on the metabolism and the effects of 99Mo- and 35S-labelled thiomolybdates after intravenous infusion in sheep.

Sheep were infused intravenously with 99Mo- and 35S-labelled tri- and tetrathiomolybdates (1-2 mg Mo). Most of the plasma radioactivity was trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble after infusion, but the stability of this fraction was reduced by pre-infusion or subsequent infusion with unlabelled thiomolybdates. Most of the 99Mo and 35S was shown to be associated with albumin.

99Mo metabolism in sheep after the intravenous injection of [99Mo] thiomolybdates.

[99Mo]di-, tri-, and tetrathiomolybdate (5.4 to 62.5 mg of Mo) were given by intravenous injection to sheep maintained on a sulfur-supplemented (3 g of S/kg) diet.