The dual role of photodynamic therapy to treat cancer and microbial infection.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment showing promise against cancer and microbial infections. PDT targets tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue, reducing side effects. It induces immunogenic cell death, potentially stimulating antitumor immune responses and reducing cancer recurrence.

Domestic LED bulb induced photodynamic effect of Toluidine Blue O-embedded silicone catheters against urinary tract infection.

Background: Novel combination of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) embedded silicone catheter with domestic/household LED bulb has a potential in clinical infection such as prevention of multi drug resistant catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) through photodynamic therapy.

Material And Methods: Preliminarily, TBO was entrapped into silicone catheter by swell-encapsulation-shrink method. Further, in vitro study was carried out to check the antimicrobial photodynamic efficacy of TBO with domestic/household LED light.

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm photodynamic therapy against vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) induced infection in vitro and in vivo.

Biofilm mediated infection caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria are difficult to treat since it protects the microorganisms by host defense system, making them resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. Combating such type of nosocomial infection, especially in immunocompromised patients, is an urgent need and foremost challenge faced by clinicians. Therefore, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been intensely pursued as an alternative therapy for bacterial infections.

Curcumin induced photodynamic therapy mediated suppression of quorum sensing pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An approach to inhibit biofilm in vitro.

Objective: The objective of this study was to inhibit the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm through curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT).

Background: The mechanism behind A-PDT mediated photoinactivation depend upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, like singlet oxygen and free radicals.

Methods: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of curcumin induced A-PDT on P.

Synergistic fungicidal activity with low doses of eugenol and amphotericin B against Candida albicans.

Candida albicans frequently causes variety of superficial and invasive disseminated infections in HIV infected patients. Further, the emergence of non albicans species causing candidiasis predominantly in patients with advanced immune-suppression and drug resistance brings great apprehension. Hence, in this study we evaluate the capability of eugenol (EUG), a natural compound in combination with less toxic concentrations of amphotericin B (AmpB) for enhanced antifungal effects and reduced toxicity.

Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities.

Biofilm is a complex structure of microbiome having different bacterial colonies or single type of cells in a group; adhere to the surface. These cells are embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, a matrix which is generally composed of eDNA, proteins and polysaccharides, showed high resistance to antibiotics. It is one of the major causes of infection persistence especially in nosocomial settings through indwelling devices.

Photodynamic efficacy of toluidine blue O against mono species and dual species bacterial biofilm.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate how Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans behave in mono and dual species biofilm after photodynamic treatment.

Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destroys bacterial cells in presence of a photosensitizer, visible light, and oxygen.

Material And Methods: We have taken Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans as monospecies culture and their dualspecies culture biofilm.

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: Role of singlet oxygen.

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), killing is entirely based on the ROS generation and among different types of ROS generated during PDT, singlet oxygen is considered as the most potential as illustrated in many studies and therefore it is predominantly responsible for photodamage and cytotoxic reactions. The aim of this study was to check whether singlet oxygen (Type II photochemistry) is more potential than free radicals (Type I photochemistry) against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. We have taken two phenothiazinium dyes i.

Enhanced photodynamic therapy using light fractionation against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: type I and type II mechanism.

Aim: The objective of the study was to look the efficacy of fractionated light against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

Materials & Methods: Antibiofilm assays (crystal violet, congo red), electron microscopic, confocal and spectroscopic studies were performed to check the effect of fractionated light.

Results: 6-6.

Nano-therapeutics: A revolution in infection control in post antibiotic era.

With the arrival of antibiotics 70 years ago, meant a paradigm shift in overcoming infectious diseases. For decades, drugs have been used to treat different infections. However, with time bacteria have become resistant to multiple antibiotics, making some diseases difficult to fight.

A comparison of antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of phenothiazinium dyes between Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial biofilm.

Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a process that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in presence of photosensitizer, visible light and oxygen which destroys the bacterial cells. We investigated the photoinactivation efficiency of phenothiazinium dyes and the effect of ROS generation on Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell as well as on biofilm.

Material And Methods: Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumonia were incubated with all the three phenothiazinium dyes and exposed to 630nm of light.

Antibiofilm action of a toluidine blue O-silver nanoparticle conjugate on Streptococcus mutans: a mechanism of type I photodynamic therapy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm efficacy of photodynamic therapy by conjugating a photosensitizer (TBO) with silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Streptococcus mutans was exposed to laser light (630 nm) for 70 s (9.1 J cm(-2)) in the presence of a toluidine blue O-silver nanoparticle conjugate (TBO-AgNP).

Viability of Mycobacterium leprae in the environment and its role in leprosy dissemination.

Background: Leprosy, a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a public health concern in certain countries, including India. Although the prevalence of the disease has fallen drastically over time, new cases continue to occur at nearly the same rate in many regions. Several endemic pockets have been observed in India and elsewhere.

Calcium fluoride nanoparticles induced suppression of Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro and in vivo approach.

Biofilm formation on the tooth surface is the root cause of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Streptococcus mutans is known to produce biofilm which is one of the primary causes of dental caries. Acid production and acid tolerance along with exopolysaccharide (EPS) formation are major virulence factors of S.