Starch modification for non-food, industrial applications: Market intelligence and critical review.

The consumer demand for starch continues to grow to meet food consumption needs. However, starch producers are increasingly looking towards non-food, industrial applications to access new markets for revenue generation, while aiming for whole crop utilization to meet sustainability metrics. Native starch properties limit its utilization in many industrial applications, therefore, it is modified through different chemical, enzymatic, and physical processes.

Effect of Chiral Purity on Adjuvanticity of Archaeol-Based Glycolipids.

Archaeosomes composed of sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) glycolipids from stereoisomerically pure archaeol () are vaccine adjuvants that can boost immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy in preclinical models. Herein, we report a new synthesis of 2,3-bis((3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl)oxy) propan-1-ol () by treating (±)-3-benzyloxy-1,2-propanediol with a mesylated phytol derivative through a double nucleophilic substitution reaction, followed by reductive debenzylation. Three SLA archaeosomes from archaeols of different chiral purities were prepared, and the effect of stereochemistry on their adjuvanticity toward ovalbumin was investigated.

Analytical sensitivity of the Rapid Antigen Test kits for detection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 sublineage.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron was classified as a variant of concern in November 2021. The sublineage BA.2 spreads rapidly worldwide.

Respiratory involvement parameters in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their association with mortality and length of stay.

Introduction/background: Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with a spectrum of respiratory symptoms. There are no studies describing respiratory system involvement adjusted for other organ systems, oxygen saturation nadir, hospitalization days until respiratory involvement, proportion of days of respiratory system involvement, and persistent respiratory involvement at discharge in COVID-19 patients. We studied these parameters in COVID-19 patients that received respiratory therapy interventions and their association with mortality and length of stay (LOS).

A False-Positive HIV Test: Severe Lupus Flare in Disguise.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have significant overlapping clinical features, making diagnosis challenging. We report a case of new-onset SLE initially mistreated as HIV infection due to a false-positive fourth-generation HIV antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) test. A young female in her 30s presented with fatigue, oral thrush, and a positive HIV Ag/Ab combo test.

Self-Assembled Liposomes Enhance Electron Transfer for Efficient Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Light-driven conversion of CO to chemicals provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, but homogeneous systems are typically limited by cross reactivity between different redox half reactions and inefficient charge separation. Herein, we present the bioinspired development of amphiphilic photosensitizer and catalyst pairs that self-assemble in lipid membranes to overcome some of these limitations and enable photocatalytic CO reduction in liposomes using precious metal-free catalysts. Using sodium ascorbate as a sacrificial electron source, a membrane-anchored alkylated cobalt porphyrin demonstrates higher catalytic CO production (1456 vs 312 turnovers) and selectivity (77 vs 11%) compared to its water-soluble nonalkylated counterpart.

Dual Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Inverse Imaging.

Inverse imaging covers a wide range of imaging applications, including super-resolution, deblurring, and compressive sensing. We propose a novel scheme to solve such problems by combining duality and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In addition to a conventional ADMM process, we introduce a second one that solves the dual problem to find the estimated nontrivial lower bound of the objective function, and the related iteration results are used in turn to guide the primal iterations.

Heavy metal pollution index calculation in geochemistry assessment: a case study on Playa Las Petroleras.

This work is aimed to assess potential risk associated with the presence of metals and metalloids in soil at "Playa Las Petroleras" sector, located in Antofagasta (Chile). The zone under study has been affected by four oil spill events. This sector is located in an urban area by the sea.

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid Features.

A previously healthy woman, aged 38 years, presented with a 3-month history of fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, significant weight loss, and severe left flank pain; her symptoms restricted any work activities. Laboratory test results were notable for hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium, 12.8 mg/dL), anemia (9.

Evaluation of rapid antigen detection kits for detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 virus.

Currently, there is lack of data regarding rapid antigen detection (RAD) kits to detect SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.

Effect of Sex on Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

Introduction: Identifying differences in outcome of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) between males and females may be useful in aiding clinical management. Recent studies have demonstrated widespread underrepresentation of women in acute stroke clinical trials. This international multicentre study aimed to determine sex differences in outcome after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for patients with acute BAO.

ADXS31142 Immunotherapy ± Pembrolizumab Treatment for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Open-Label Phase I/II KEYNOTE-046 Study.

Background: ADXS31-142 is an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes-based immunotherapy targeting prostate-specific antigen (PSA), being evaluated as monotherapy and combined with pembrolizumab for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Patients And Methods: The 2-part phase I/II KEYNOTE-046 study enrolled men with mCRPC who have progressed after 2 or fewer prior systemic treatment regimens in the metastatic setting. In Part A, intravenous ADXS31-142 monotherapy was given every 3 weeks (q3w) to 3 dose-escalation cohorts.

Interactions Between Temperature Variability and Reproductive Physiology Across Traits in an Intertidal Crab.

Thermal extremes alter population processes, which can result in part from temperature-induced movement at different spatial and temporal scales. Thermal thresholds for animal movement likely change based on underlying thermal physiology and life-history stage, a topic that requires greater study. The intertidal porcelain crab currently experiences temperatures that can reach near-lethal levels in the high-intertidal zone at low tide.

Auxin-Producing Bacteria from Duckweeds Have Different Colonization Patterns and Effects on Plant Morphology.

The role of auxin in plant-microbe interaction has primarily been studied using indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing pathogenic or plant-growth-promoting bacteria. However, the IAA biosynthesis pathway in bacteria involves indole-related compounds (IRCs) and intermediates with less known functions. Here, we seek to understand changes in plant response to multiple plant-associated bacteria taxa and strains that differ in their ability to produce IRCs.

Rationally designed immunogens enable immune focusing following SARS-CoV-2 spike imprinting.

Eliciting antibodies to surface-exposed viral glycoproteins can generate protective responses that control and prevent future infections. Targeting conserved sites may reduce the likelihood of viral escape and limit the spread of related viruses with pandemic potential. Here we leverage rational immunogen design to focus humoral responses on conserved epitopes.

Early detection of community acquired of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.351 in Hong Kong.

Background: Prior to this report, variants of concern for SARS-CoV-2 were only detected from imported cases in Hong Kong.

Objective: Multiple cases of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.

Glucose dysregulation and its association with COVID-19 mortality and hospital length of stay.

Background And Aims: We investigate the impact of blood glucose on mortality and hospital length of stay (HLOS) among COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Retrospective study of 456 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and glycemic dysregulation in the New York City area.

Results: We found that impaired glucose adjusted for other organs systems involved (OR:1.

Multi-modal profiling of human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells reveals the molecular signature of engraftment.

The human hematopoietic stem cell harbors remarkable regenerative potential that can be harnessed therapeutically. During early development, hematopoietic stem cells in the fetal liver undergo active expansion while simultaneously retaining robust engraftment capacity, yet the underlying molecular program responsible for their efficient engraftment remains unclear. Here, we profile 26,407 fetal liver cells at both the transcriptional and protein level including ~7,000 highly enriched and functional fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells to establish a detailed molecular signature of engraftment potential.