The effects of chlorpromazine and lithium on appetitive discrimination learning in the rat.

Rats learned one of two appetitive discrimination tasks varying in terms of cognitive difficulty. Contrary to previous reports showing an impairment in the acquisition of avoidance tasks under the effects of either chlorpromazine (CPZ) or lithium, the results of this experiment indicate that neither drug retards the acquisition of appetitive tasks. Instead, at the highest doses used (2 and 3 mg/kg), CPZ decreased the number of trials required for the difficult task.

Preparation and in vitro antifungal activities of some quinolizidine derived hemiaminals and beta-tert-amino sulfides.

New alpha-thiohemiaminals, 7alpha-phenylthio-7-epideoxynupharidin-6-ol, the diasteriomeric 7beta-phenylthiodeoxy-nupharidin-6-ol, and 3-methyl-3-methylthio-4-hydroxyquinolizidine, were prepared and reduced to the corresponding beta-tert-amino sulfides. The configuration at C-7 of the beta-tert-amino sulfides was determined by observing the direction of the solvent-induced shift of the C-7 methyl proton resonance. The configuration at C-7 of the new alpha-thiohemiaminals was established by correlations with the beta-tert-amino sulfides and confirmed, in the case of the deoxynupharidine derivatives, by circular dichroism and ascertaining the sterochemistry of deuteride incorporation upon sodium borodeuteride reduction of the alpha-thiohemiaminal.