[Transfer of knowledge in psychiatry through the 4 editions from 1980 to 2016 of the Quebec psychiatry manual].

Objectives To examine the transfer of knowledge in psychiatry, longitudinally, over more than 35 years, through the 4 editions of the manual "Psychiatrie clinique" published in Quebec, thanks to the initiative of the publication directors affiliated with the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (formerly the Louis-H. Lafontaine Hospital). Our hypothesis is that the evolution of the content and form of such a manual reflects an evolution of knowledge in psychiatry with a naturally educational vocation which of what must be known and applicable in the discipline.

Long term course and outcome of first episode schizophrenia: a 27-to-31-year follow-up.

Purpose: To describe long term clinical and functional outcomes of schizophrenia in a developed country.

Method: Long term longitudinal study of clinical and functional outcomes of incidence cohort of all consecutive admissions for a first hospitalization for schizophrenia between 1983 and 1987 in Montreal, Canada (n = 142). Data collection was conducted at admission, 5 years, 10-16 years and 27-31 years follow-up by reviewing hospital charts and government linked health administrative databases.

Reward-related decision-making in schizophrenia: A multimodal neuroimaging study.

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by important cognitive deficits, which ultimately compromise the patients' ability to make optimal decisions. Unfortunately, the neurobiological bases of impaired reward-related decision-making in schizophrenia have rarely been studied. The objective of this study is to examine the neural mechanisms involved in reward-related decision-making in schizophrenia, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Avatar Therapy for Persistent Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in an Ultra-Resistant Schizophrenia Patient: A Case Report.

Effective treatment strategies for schizophrenia remain very challenging and many treatment-resistant patients will suffer from persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). While clozapine is the gold-standard medication for this complex population, many will not respond to this molecule. For these ultra-resistant patients, limited options are available.

Virtual reality therapy for refractory auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: A pilot clinical trial.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness that poses significant challenges. While many pharmacological and psychosocial interventions are available, many treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients continue to suffer from persistent psychotic symptoms, notably auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), which are highly disabling. This unmet clinical need requires new innovative treatment options.

Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during affective Go/NoGo in violent schizophrenia patients: An fMRI study.

We investigated the influence of anger processing on cognitive control in male schizophrenia patients presenting violent behaviors. We recruited 23 patients without and 24 patients with (SCZ+V) a history of violent behaviors, as well as 22 healthy non-violent men. Participants were administered an affective (angry-neutral faces) Go/NoGo task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Impaired Coupling between the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex and the Amygdala in Schizophrenia Smokers Viewing Anti-smoking Images.

Background: Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and is one of the main factors contributing to the significantly decreased life expectancy in this population. Schizophrenia smokers, compared to their counterparts with no comorbid psychiatric disorder, are largely unaware and indifferent to the long-term negative consequences of cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to determine, for the first time, if these meta-cognitive deficits are associated with neuro-functional alterations in schizophrenia smokers.

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders: A Cochrane review update.

Background: Neck pain (NP) is disabling and costly.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of exercise on pain, disability, function, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL) and global perceived effect (GPE) in adults with NP.

Methods: We searched computerised databases up to May 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing exercise to a control in adults with NP with/without cervicogenic headache (CGH) or radiculopathy.

Increased ventro-medial prefrontal activations in schizophrenia smokers during cigarette cravings.

Background: Highly prevalent in schizophrenia, tobacco smoking substantially increases the risk of cardiac-related death. Compared to the general population, tobacco smoking cessation rates are lower in schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the reasons for these low cessation rates remain poorly understood.

[Psychiatry in Quebec. Then and now].

This text narrates the evolution, since the 1960s, of different events that marked the history of psychiatry in the French-Canadian province of Quebec. From his personal experience, the author discusses. The evolution of the Départment de psychiatric de l'Université de Montréal fro where were issued more than 1000 psychiatrists who shaped clinical practice and research developments worthy of mention throughout the years.

Exercises for mechanical neck disorders.

Background: Neck pain is common, disabling and costly. Exercise is one treatment approach.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of exercises to improve pain, disability, function, patient satisfaction, quality of life and global perceived effect in adults with neck pain.

The neural correlates of mental rotation abilities in cannabis-abusing patients with schizophrenia: an FMRI study.

Growing evidence suggests that cannabis abuse/dependence is paradoxically associated with better cognition in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of visuospatial abilities in 14 schizophrenia patients with cannabis abuse (DD), 14 nonabusing schizophrenia patients (SCZ), and 21 healthy controls (HCs). Participants performed a mental rotation task while being scanned.

Cannabis abuse is associated with better emotional memory in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

In schizophrenia cannabis abuse/dependence is associated with poor compliance and psychotic relapse. Despite this, the reasons for cannabis abuse remain elusive, but emotions may play a critical role in this comorbidity. Accordingly, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of emotional memory in schizophrenia patients with cannabis abuse (dual-diagnosis, DD).

Evidence review and clinical guidance for the use of ziprasidone in Canada.

While indicated for schizophrenia and acute mania, ziprasidone's evidence base and use in clinical practice extends beyond these regulatory approvals. We, an invited panel of experts led by a working group of 3, critically examined the evidence and our collective experience regarding the effectiveness, tolerability and safety of ziprasidone across its clinical uses. There was no opportunity for manufacturer input into the content of the review.

Clozapine and visuospatial processing in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Introduction: Clozapine, the most widely used option in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, has been shown to be superior to other antipsychotic medications in improving cognitive function in patients. However, the results have not been consistent and the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been elucidated. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate verbal and nonverbal cognition (using visuospatial processing tests) in patients treated with clozapine (initially treatment resistant) and those treated with other second-generation antipsychotics, relative healthy control subjects.

Neural changes associated with appetite information processing in schizophrenic patients after 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment.

There is evidence that some atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, can produce unwanted metabolic side effects, weight gain and diabetes. However, neuronal correlates of change related to food information processing have not been investigated with these medications. We studied the effect of a pharmacological manipulation with an antipsychotic known to cause weight gain on metabolites, cognitive tasks and neural correlates related to food regulation.

Neuronal correlates of appetite regulation in patients with schizophrenia: is there a basis for future appetite dysfunction?

Background: Given the undesired metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotic medication it is important to understand the neuronal basis related to processing of appetite regulation in patients affected by schizophrenia.

Methods: Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in response to food cues and neutral stimuli in twenty patients with schizophrenia and eleven healthy individuals. In addition to clinical and dietary habits assessments, we collected, in patients, measurements of fasting glucose, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, prolactin and lipids blood concentration and we correlated the cerebral activity with clinical and metabolic measures.

[Implementation in Quebec of the Integrated Psychological Treatment (IPT) for people with schizophrenia: five years later].

This article examines the adoption in Québec of the evidence-based practice, Integrated Psychological Treatment (IPT) of people with schizophrenia and the longevity of this practice within nine clinical milieus in a context of transformation of services. A team of researchers of the Centre de recherche Fernand Seguin has closely followed the implementation and the maintenance of the IPT in nine clinical milieus. More specifically, this article presents the factors that have contributed, on a five year period, to the maintenance (or not) of the IPT in these settings.

Schizophrenia, an illness with bad outcome: myth or reality?

Objective: Different myths about schizophrenia endorsed by clinicians maintain the pessimism about outcome thus reducing chances of improvement. There are no recent North American studies on the long-term outcome of first-episode schizophrenia to clarify if these beliefs are myths or reality. Our study describes the long-term outcome (10 to 16 years) of a first-episode schizophrenia incidence cohort (n = 142) in a Canadian urban centre between 1983 and 1999.

Migration of bisphenol A from plastic baby bottles, baby bottle liners and reusable polycarbonate drinking bottles.

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has recently received special attention. It has been shown that exposure to BPA may occur through the consumption of beverages or foods that have been in contact with polycarbonate (PC) plastic containers or epoxy resins in food packaging. A BPA migration study was conducted using a variety of plastic containers, including polycarbonate baby bottles, non-PC baby bottles, baby bottle liners, and reusable PC drinking bottles.

Preserved awareness of their cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia: convergent validity of the SSTICS.

This study aimed to examine the convergent validity of the SSTICS. The association between the SSTICS and the five-factor model of the PANSS was also examined. One hundred and seventy-six schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients were recruited.

Working memory and depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders.

Background: Substance abuse is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and it has been associated with negative consequences on the course of the pathology. Regarding cognition, the prevailing literature has produced mixed results. Some groups have reported greater cognitive impairments in dual diagnosis schizophrenia, while other groups have described the reverse.

Expert Canadian consensus suggestions on the rational, clinical use of ziprasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.

Many atypical antipsychotic medications are becoming available for clinical use. Ziprasidone is a recent addition to this group and is expected to become available for clinical use in Canada in 2005. Ziprasidone has some significant differences compared with other atypicals currently available in Canada.

[Study of the follow-up of early psychosis at the Université de Montréal (L'Etude de Suivi des Psychoses Emergentes de l'Université de Montréal (ESPEUM): context, objectives and methodology].

In this article, the authors examine specialized programs and services in the treatment and rehabilitation of people with an early psychosis. The authors realized that various programs have multiplied in the course of the last decade and many have shown benefits in comparison with the usual treatments delivered in general psychiatry. Thus these programs are composed of the following elements : family intervention, intensive community treatment, employment support, cognitive behavioural therapy and social skills training.