DXA-Derived Adiposity and Lean Indices for Management of Cardiometabolic and Musculoskeletal Frailty: Data Interpretation Tricks and Reporting Tips.

The proper assessment and follow-up of obesity and sarcopenia are relevant for the proper management of the complications of cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal frailty. A total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan should be systematically incorporated in the rehabilitative routine management of patients with obesity and sarcopenia. In the former patients, the total body DXA can be used to assess the fat tissue amount and distribution, while in the latter patients, it can be used to quantify the reduction of appendicular lean mass and to investigate the inter-limb lean mass asymmetry.

Reproducibility and Accuracy of the Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry for Femoral Mineral Density Estimation and Discriminative Power of the Femoral Fragility Score in Patients with Primary and Disuse-Related Osteoporosis.

We aimed to investigate the reproducibility and accuracy of Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry (REMS) for femoral BMD estimation and the reproducibility and discriminative power of the REMS-derived femoral fragility score. 175 patients with primary and disuse-related osteoporosis were recruited: one femoral Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan and two femoral REMS scans were acquired. No significant test-retest differences were observed for all REMS-derived variables.

HLA Homozygosity and Likelihood of Sensitization in Kidney Transplant Candidates.

Background: Homozygosity for HLAs has been associated with adverse outcomes after viral infection as well as pregnancy-induced HLA sensitization. We sought to assess the relationship between HLA locus homozygosity and the level of HLA antibody sensitization.

Methods: We measured sensitization using the calculated panel reactive antibody value for a large cohort of 147 461 patients added to the US OPTN/United Network for Organ Sharing kidney transplant waitlist between December 2014 and December 2019.

Quantitative assessment of volumetric muscle loss: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasonography.

The generalized skeletal muscle disorder that involves (in elderly subjects) the progressive loss of muscle mass and function has been defined sarcopenia, whereas the rapid-onset (traumatic or surgical) and focal (unilateral) loss of skeletal muscle with resultant functional impairment has been defined volumetric muscle loss. Different tools and approaches are commonly used in the clinical settings to quantify the loss of muscle or lean mass and to assess the consequent motor impairment. This review describes the technical principles and provides a summary of the main parameters that can be obtained to assess lean mass (and its distribution) or muscle size (and its structure) through the two imaging techniques most easily accessible and therefore frequently adopted in the clinical practice: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle ultrasonography.

Mapping molecular HLA typing data to UNOS antigen equivalents.

Background: Histocompatibility labs must convert molecular HLA typing data to antigen equivalencies for entry into the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) UNet system. While an Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) policy document provides general guidelines for conversion, the process is complex because no antigen mapping table is available. We present a UNOS antigen equivalency table for all IPD-IMGT/HLA alleles at the A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQA1, and DQB1 loci.

Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction: ESI-MS(/MS) investigation with charge tags and ionic liquid effect origin revealed by DFT calculations.

The use of a charge-tagged acrylate derivative bearing an imidazolium tag to study the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction via ESI-MS(/MS) monitoring and the effect of such tag (imidazolium cations and ion pairs) over TSs is described. The ionic nature of the substrate was meant to facilitate ESI transfer to the gas phase for direct mass spectrometric analysis. The detection and characterization of charged intermediates has suggested major reaction pathways.

Baseline resolution of isomers by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry: investigating the effects of polarizable drift gases and ionic charge distribution.

We have studied the behavior of isomers and analogues by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS) using drift-gases with varying masses and polarizabilities. Despite the reduced length of the cell (18 cm), a pair of constitutional isomers, N-butylaniline and para-butylaniline, with theoretical collision cross-section values in helium (ΩHe ) differing by as little as 1.2 Å(2) (1.

Condensed, solution and gas phase behaviour of mono- and dinuclear 2,6-diacetylpyridine (dap) hydrazone copper complexes probed by X-ray, mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations.

We describe the synthesis of novel mononuclear and dinuclear copper complexes and an investigation of their behaviour in solution using mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS) and in the solid state using X-ray crystallography. The complexes were synthesized from two widely used diacetylpryridine (dap) ligands, i.e.

Presence of neuropathic pain may explain poor performances on olfactory testing in diabetes mellitus patients.

Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease can hallmark disease onset. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes mellitus, a condition featuring peripheral and central neurodegeneration, would have decreased olfaction abilities. We examined participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, participants with diabetes without diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and control participants in blinded fashion using standardized Sniffin' Sticks.

Separation of isomeric disaccharides by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry using CO2 as drift gas.

The use of CO(2) as a massive and polarizable drift gas is shown to greatly improve peak-to-peak resolution (R(p-p) ), as compared with N(2) , for the separation of disaccharides in a Synapt G2 traveling wave ion mobility cell. Near or baseline R(p-p) was achieved for three pairs of sodiated molecules of disaccharide isomers, that is, cellobiose and sucrose (R(p-p)  = 0.76), maltose and sucrose (R(p-p)  = 1.

Increased gait variability in diabetes mellitus patients with neuropathic pain.

Aims: Gait dysfunction in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to falling and subsequent injuries. Using a portable device (GaitMeter™), we measured gait parameters in DM patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) during flat surface walking. We hypothesized that DM patients with DPN and neuropathic pain (NeP) would have greater gait step variability than those with DPN without NeP.

Exploring the coordination chemistry of isomerizable terpyridine derivatives for successful analyses of cis and trans isomers by travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry.

The photochemical cis-trans isomerization of the 4-{4-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligand (vpytpy) was investigated by UV-vis, NMR and TWIM-MS. Ion mobility mass spectrometry was performed pursuing the quantification of the isomeric composition during photolysis, however an in-source trans-to-cis isomerization process was observed. In order to overcome this inherent phenomenon, the isomerization of the vpytpy species was suppressed by complexation, reacting with iron(II) ions, and forming the [Fe(vpytpy)(2)](2+) complex.

Protomers: formation, separation and characterization via travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry.

Travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS) with post-TWIM and pre-TWIM collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments were used to form, separate and characterize protomers sampled directly from solutions or generated in the gas phase via CID. When in solution equilibria, these species were transferred to the gas phase via electrospray ionization, and then separated by TWIM-MS. CID performed after TWIM separation (post-TWIM) allowed the characterization of both protomers via structurally diagnostic fragments.

Resolution of isomeric multi-ruthenated porphyrins by travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry.

The ability of travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS) to resolve cationic meta/para and cis/trans isomers of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-ruthenated supramolecular porphyrins was investigated. All meta isomers were found to be more compact than the para isomers and therefore mixtures of all isomeric pairs could be properly resolved with baseline or close to baseline peak-to-peak resolution (R(p-p)). Di-substituted cis/trans isomers were found, however, to present very similar drift times and could not be resolved.

Analyzing Brazilian vehicle documents for authenticity by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry.

Using desorption/ionization techniques such as easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), it is possible to analyze documents of Brazilian vehicles for authenticity, providing a chemical profile directly from the surface of each document. A method for the detection of counterfeit documents is described, and the falsification procedure is elucidated. Forty authentic and counterfeit documents were analyzed by both positive and negative ion modes, EASI(±)-MS.

Charge-tagged acetate ligands as mass spectrometry probes for metal complexes investigations: applications in Suzuki and Heck phosphine-free reactions.

An acetate anion bearing an imidazolium cation as its charge tag was reacted with M(OAc)(2) complexes (where M = Ni, Cu, and Pd; in situ reaction) to form members of a new class of charge-tagged metal complexes. The formation of these unprecedented precatalysts with potential for cross-coupling reactions was confirmed by electrospray ionization (and tandem) mass spectrometry. The catalytic performance of the palladium complex was tested in Heck and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, often with superior activity and yields as compared with Pd(OAc)(2).

Evaluation of alloreactivity in kidney transplant recipients treated with antithymocyte globulin versus IL-2 receptor blocker.

Induction therapy is used in kidney transplantation to inhibit the activation of donor-reactive T cells which are detrimental to transplant outcomes. The choice of induction therapy is decided based on perceived immunological risk rather than by direct measurement of donor T-cell reactivity. We hypothesized that immune cellular alloreactivity pretransplantation can be quantified and that blocking versus depleting therapies have differential effects on the level of donor and third-party cellular alloreactivity.

Chemical profile of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in ecstasy tablets by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization, X-ray fluorescence, ion mobility mass spectrometry and NMR.

Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) is a new illicit drug that has been sold as ecstasy tablets. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) are shown to provide relatively simple and selective screening tools to distinguish m-CPP tablets from tablets containing amphetamines (mainly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)). EASI-MS detects the active ingredients in their protonated forms: [m-CPP + H](+) of m/z 197, [MDMA + H](+) of m/z 194, and [2MDMA + HCl + H](+) of m/z 423 and other ions from excipients directly on the tablet surface, providing distinct chemical fingerprints.

Intrinsic mobility of gaseous cationic and anionic aggregates of ionic liquids.

Travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry was used to measure the intrinsic mobility of a series of gaseous supra-cation and supra-anion aggregates of several ionic liquids. Close mobilities were observed in a T-wave cell filled with helium at ca. 0.