Benefit-risk assessment based on number needed to treat and number needed to harm: Atogepant vs. calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies.

Background: To evaluate the benefit-risk assessment of atogepant and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) vs. placebo based on the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm (NNH) in a blended episodic migraine and chronic migraine (EM + CM) population.

Methods: The NNT was calculated based on achievement of a ≥ 50% reduction in mean monthly migraine days (MMDs) from baseline across 12 weeks.

Cost per treatment responder analysis of atogepant compared to rimegepant for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine.

Objective: To estimate the number needed to treat and cost per additional responder for atogepant and rimegepant versus placebo for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine (EM) in the United States.

Background: Migraine has an enormous impact on a person's daily activities and quality of life, and results in significant clinical and economic burden to both individuals and society. It is important to understand the comparative efficacy and economic value of oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists (gepants) for preventive treatment of EM.

Impact of lifestyle and dietary modifications for endometriosis development and symptom management.

Purpose Of Review: Management of endometriosis is often complex and poorly studied. Patients with endometriosis have interest in how their lifestyle may affect their diagnosis. Self-management and lifestyle changes are often used as adjunct therapy, but best practices are not concrete in treatment guidelines.

Considerations for Contraception Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Counseling and education on women's health, specifically contraception, following spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important component of care for women with SCI. While a plethora of available contraceptive options exists, research in this area is scarce.

Objectives: This systematic review assesses the quality and quantity of research on contraception for individuals with SCI.

Spectrogram Inversion for Reconstruction of Electric Currents at Industrial Frequencies: A Deep Learning Approach.

In this paper, we present a deep learning approach for identifying current intensity and frequency. The reconstruction is based on measurements of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing in a conductor. Magnetic field data are collected using a magnetic probe capable of generating a spectrogram, representing the spectrum of frequencies of the magnetic field over time.

Improving access to safe, quality surgical care for gynecologic cancers through capacity-building interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: Following the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A well-integrated surgical system is critical to treat cervical cancer. Two major approaches have been employed to build human capacity: task-sharing and training of gynecologic oncologists (GynOncs).

Transcending Language Barriers in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Critical Dimension for Health Equity.

There is growing evidence that language discordance between patients and their health care teams negatively affects quality of care, experience of care, and health outcomes, yet there is limited guidance on best practices for advancing equitable care for patients who have language barriers within obstetrics and gynecology. In this commentary, we present two cases of language-discordant care and a framework for addressing language as a critical lens for health inequities in obstetrics and gynecology, which includes a variety of clinical settings such as labor and delivery, perioperative care, outpatient clinics, and inpatient services, as well as sensitivity around reproductive health topics. The proposed framework explores drivers of language-related inequities at the clinician, health system, and societal level.

Option similarity modulates the link between choice and memory.

Choices made in everyday life are highly variable. Sometimes, you may find yourself choosing between two similar options (e.g.

Cost-effectiveness of overactive bladder treatments from a US commercial and payer perspective.

The cost-effectiveness of treatment options (anticholinergics, β3-adrenoceptor agonists, onabotulinumtoxinA, sacral nerve stimulation and percutaneous tibial stimulation [the latter two including new rechargeable neurostimulators]) for the management of overactive bladder (OAB) were compared with best supportive care (BSC) using a previously published Markov model. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated over a 15-year time horizon, and sensitivity analyses were performed using 2- and 5-year horizons. Discontinuation rates, resource utilization, and costs were derived from published sources.

Photovoice Lessons from a Peruvian Program in Combatting Stigma for Caregivers of Children with Disabilities.

Background: Access to resources for children with disabilities and their caregivers are lacking worldwide, especially for low-and middle-income countries, especially those of Latin origin. Furthermore, decreased social visibility coupled with minimal support available for caregivers can negatively affect their overall mental well-being. Limited community-based participatory research has been done to understand the experiences of caregivers and identify effective measures of support.

Aging shifts the relative contributions of episodic and semantic memory to decision-making.

Healthy aging is accompanied by well-characterized shifts in memory systems: episodic memory tends to decline with age while semantic memory remains relatively intact, with some knowledge domains strengthening. Beyond reflecting on the past, these distinct memory systems often guide decisions about the future. Yet how such age-related memory shifts influence simple value-based choices remain understudied.

An ultra-long new onset refractory status epilepticus: Winning the battle but losing the war?

New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), is a rare and challenging condition occurring in previously healthy people. The etiology often remains undiscovered and is frequently associated with an unfavorable outcome. We report the electroclinical and neuroradiological evolution of an ultra-long case of NORSE of unknown etiology.

Reward at encoding but not retrieval modulates memory for detailed events.

Much of the evidence suggesting that rewards improve memory performance has focused on how explicit rewards facilitate encoding of simplistic stimuli. To expand beyond this focus, the current study tested how explicit rewards presented at encoding as well as retrieval facilitate memory for information contained within complex events. In a single experimental session, participants (N = 88) encoded videos depicting naturalistic events (e.

The effects of emotional valence and perceived life stress on recalling personal experiences and envisioning future events.

Although it is understood that engaging in mental time travel to remember the past and imagine the future relies on similar cognitive processes, there are important differences. Notably, there is evidence that emotional valence differently affects how past and future events are accessed. Here, we explored the differential effect of emotional valence on past and future event generation in the context of personal stress.

Guillain-Barré syndrome as only manifestation of COVID-19 infection.

Post-infectious/immune mediated effects of COVID-19 infection include descriptions of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in patients usually with respiratory failure and after 1-2 weeks from the onset of viral illness. Asymptomatic cases for COVID-19 infection were rarely described. Herein, we studied a 62-year-old patient with progressive weakness of lower extremities, rapidly evolving to a severe, flaccid tetraplegia and dysphagia.

The effect of quarantine due to Covid-19 pandemic on seizure frequency in 102 adult people with epilepsy from Apulia and Basilicata regions, Southern Italy.

Objective: following the COVID-19 pandemic, a quarantine was imposed to all of regions Italy by 9th March until 3rd May 2020. We investigated the effect of COVID-19 infection and quarantine on seizure frequency in adult people with epilepsy (PwE) of Apulia and Basilicata regions, Southern Italy.

Methods: This is an observational, retrospective study based on prospective data collection of 102 successive PWE.

The presenting symptoms of Lafora Disease: An electroclinical and genetic study in five Apulian (Southern Italy) families.

Purpose: To elucidate the presenting symptoms of Lafora Disease (LD) to differentiate it from Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME).

Methods: We collected and evaluated the early electroclinical data of 5 unrelated Apulian (Southern Italy) LD families, 30 LD patients selected from the literature, and 30 Apulian JME patients.

Results: The Apulian LD patients presented with generalised tonic-clonic and focal visual seizures, followed by myoclonic seizures and action-postural myoclonus.

The link between detail generation and eye movements when encoding and retrieving complex images.

Examining eye movement patterns when encoding and retrieving visually complex memories is useful to understand the link between visuo-perceptual processes and how associated details are represented within these memories. Here, we used images of real-world scenes (e.g.

Perceptions of Ontario chiropractors on business education in chiropractic schools.

Objective: Chiropractic, as a business in the health care system, has a component of entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is important to have business education in chiropractic schools. This study examines perceptions of business education in chiropractic schools as evaluated by Ontario, Canada, practicing chiropractors.

Perspectives on perioperative management of children's surgical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-income and middle-income countries: a global survey.

Background: Many organizations have issued recommendations to limit elective surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We surveyed providers of children's surgical care working in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand their perspectives on surgical management in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and how they were subsequently modifying their surgical care practices.

Methods: A survey of children's surgery providers in LMICs was performed.

Exploring sources of insecurity for Ethiopian Oromo and Somali women who have given birth in Kakuma Refugee Camp: A Qualitative Study.

Background: According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 44,000 people are forced to flee their homes every day due to conflict or persecution. Although refugee camps are designed to provide a safe temporary location for displaced persons, increasing evidence demonstrates that the camps themselves have become stressful and dangerous long-term places-especially for women. However, there is limited literature focused on refugee women's perspectives on their insecurity.

Community-clinic linkages: qualitative provider perspectives on partnering with community health representatives in Navajo Nation.

Objective: To understand providers' opinions about the Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment (COPE) Project designed to strengthen Navajo Community Health Representative (CHR) outreach to individuals living with diabetes.

Design: This was a qualitative study nested within a larger evaluation of a programme intervention.

Setting: The study took place in Navajo Nation and evaluated a programme initiative designed to strengthen collaboration between CHRs and clinic-based healthcare providers and provide structured outreach to individuals living with diabetes in Navajo Nation.

Qualitative evaluation of a community health representative program on patient experiences in Navajo Nation.

Background: Community Health Representatives (CHRs) overcome health disparities in Native communities by delivering home care, health education, and community health promotion. The Navajo CHR Program partners with the non-profit Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment (COPE), to provide home-based outreach to Navajo clients living with diabetes. COPE has created an intervention (COPE intervention) focusing on multiple levels of improved care including trainings for CHRs on Motivational Interviewing and providing CHRs with culturally-appropriate education materials.