Epidemiology of Neurotrauma in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Experience of 10 Years.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children can lead to grave consequences. The mechanism, mode, and management of pediatric neurotrauma are different from adult neurotrauma, and there is a growing demand to study the clinicoepidemiology of pediatric TBI.

Objective: To explore the clinicoepidemiological profile and outcome of pediatric neurotrauma.

Profiling Molecular Changes of Host Response to Predict Outcome in Children with Septic Shock.

Background: Septic shock is associated with high mortality and there is significant heterogeneity in the host response. The aim of this study was to understand the genome-wide expression transcriptomic signatures in children with septic shock and correlate them with outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on children (aged 1 month to 18 years) admitted to the PICU (June-December 2021) with septic shock.

Clinical Profile of Children with Burns in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Optimal resuscitation measures and outcome predictors in cases of burns are not studied in pediatric population, though it accounts for one of the leading causes of non-fatal injuries in the pediatric age group.

Objective: We describe the clinical profile and outcome predictors in children admitted with burns.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all children between 1 month and 18 years admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with burns from January 2015 to December 2020.

Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Oxygen Therapy in Children Under Five Years of Age with Respiratory Distress in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been used in children with bronchiolitis for a long time. Currently in the low-resource settings, the method of providing oxygen therapy via bubble CPAP (bCPAP) to children with respiratory distress is not standardized and the existing low-flow oxygen therapy has a high mortality rate.

Objectives: To study the effectiveness and safety of bCPAP as a respiratory support in children with respiratory distress.

Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Single-center Experience.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by dysregulated inflammation resulting in hypoxemia and respiratory failure and causes both morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile, outcome, and predictors of mortality in ARDS in children admitted to the Pediatric intensive care unit.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in a 12-bed PICU involving children (1 month to 18 years) with ARDS as defined by Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) guidelines, over a period of 5 years (2016-2020).

Risk Factors for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CA-UTI) in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: To describe the occurrence, microbiology, and risk factors of catheter- associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) in critically ill children.

Methods: We conducted a review of hospital records for CA-UTI in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a 7-year period (2014-2020).

Results: 62 CA-UTI cases (48% boys, median (IQR) age 36 (12,96 month) were identified during the study period with occurrence rate of 7.

Peritoneal Dialysis with Rigid Catheters in Children with Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Centre Experience.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a simple and preferred modality of dialysis for children with acute kidney injury (AKI) in resource poor countries. The aim of the study is to evaluate the utility and safety of acute PD using rigid catheter in critically ill children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with emphasis on short-term patient and renal outcome and complications. In this retrospective study, outcome and complications of PD using rigid catheter were evaluated in 113 critically ill children admitted in PICU of a tertiary care hospital from 2014 to 2019.

Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction in Pediatric Septic Shock: Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcome-A Prospective Observational Study.

There is a paucity of literature on the prevalence, predictors, prognostic markers, and outcomes of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMD) in pediatric septic shock. The objectives of our study were to estimate the prevalence of SMD in pediatric septic shock by point-of-care functional echocardiography (POCFE) and to study the association of SMD with severity of illness, organ dysfunctions, and outcomes. This prospective, observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year (from July 2018 to July 2019) in a 12-bed, tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of an academic and referral hospital in South India.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Emergencies in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: To describe the clinical profile and outcome of emergencies in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: This retrospective analysis studied children with CKD presenting with acute emergencies. The clinical profile, renal and patient outcomes were compared between incidentally diagnosed - iCKD, previously diagnosed not on dialysis - pCKD and those on maintenance dialysis - dCKD groups.

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score As a Predictor of Outcome in Sepsis in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is used as a predictor of outcome of sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit. The aim of the study is to determine the application of SOFA scores as a predictor of outcome in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis. The design involved is prospective observational study.

Electrocardiometry for Hemodynamic Categorization and Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Pediatric Septic Shock: A Pilot Observational Study.

Aim: To evaluate the utility of noninvasive electrocardiometry (ICON®) for hemodynamic categorization and assessment of fluid responsiveness in pediatric septic shock.

Materials And Methods: Pilot prospective observational study in a 12-bedded tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in children aged between 2 months and 16 years with unresolved septic shock after a 20 mL/kg fluid bolus. Those with cardiac index (CI) <3.

Caught Off Guard with COVID-19 Bowel Gangrene: A Case Report.

Background: Isolated and predominant gastrointestinal presentation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is reported less often. With evolving evidence that gastrointestinal tract can be a portal of entry, multiplication, primary site of affliction and symptomatic manifestation, and source of infectivity through prolonged fecal shedding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), it is essential that isolated gastrointestinal symptoms can also be a mode of presentation of this novel virus and illness.

Case Description: The index case is a 10-year-old female child who presented with acute onset abdominal pain.

Use of Honey Versus Standard Care for Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury in Critically Ill Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To examine if the use of honey (medicated) for dressing is superior to standard care in terms of time to complete wound healing in stages 1-3 of pressure injuries in children admitted to the PICU.

Design: Multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized trial.

Setting: Tertiary-care PICU from August 2017 to January 2019.

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Invasive Staphylococcal Infections in Children Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: Staphylococcal infections are common cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and microbial features, and outcome of patients with invasive staphylococcal infection.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of the children admitted to PICU with invasive staphylococcal infections.

Tuberculosis and Tumor Lysis Syndrome-Coincidence or Coexistent: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) involving bone marrow can present with various manifestations, including pancytopenia, maturation arrest, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), or infiltration of the bone marrow by caseating or noncaseating granulomas causing reversible or irreversible fibrosis. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency resulting from massive tumor cell lysis. Children with TB with bone marrow involvement may also present with laboratory features of TLS resulting from high catabolism and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI), making the diagnosis difficult at times.

2019 WACEM - Academic College of Emergency Experts Consensus Recommendations on Admission Criteria to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit from the Emergency Departments in India.

Unlabelled: There is a global variation in policies that define clear indications for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions. In resource-limited countries where PICU service availability is limited, the admission criteria to PICU are urgently needed to optimize the utilization of available intensive care services and to maximize patient benefit. The objective of these consensus recommendations on PICU admission criteria is to provide a framework and reference for future policy development by professional societies and governments.

Myocarditis in children.

Myocarditis, a masquerader of common illnesses, presents with non-specific symptoms which are often missed by clinicians. The diagnosis is made based on clinical presentation and echocardiography findings and requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. The authors report seven children with myocarditis with review of spectrum of clinical presentation and management.

Transient aplastic crisis in hereditary elliptocytosis.

Hereditary Elliptocytosis is a heterogeneous group of disorder with regard to clinical presentation, protein defects and mode of inheritance. Parvoviral induced transient aplastic crisis in the form of sudden onset anemia is said to be a rare manifestation of this hereditary hemolytic anemia. The authors describe a case of parvoviral induced transient aplastic crisis in a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis and review the pathogenic mechanisms of parvoviral hemolytic disease.

Spectrum of purpura fulminans.

Purpura Fulminans is a severe disorder of acute onset with high morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by DIC with thrombocytopenia, hyofibrinogenemia, hypothrombinemia and anemia. It most often occurs in young with sudden appearance of symmetrical, tender, ecchymotic skin lesions usually involving the lower extremities.

Spinal intramedullary neuroepithelial (ependymal) cyst. A rare cause of treatable acute para paresis.

An 8-yr-old female child presented with acute onset of severe pain in the lower limbs and difficulty in walking. Spine MRI showed hyperintense signals on T2 weighted images at T2-T3 level, which was intramedullary in location. The patient was operated and histopathology reported as neuroepithelial cyst.