High Rates of Nonsusceptibility to Common Oral Antibiotics in Clinical Isolates From the United States (2019-2021).

isolates from the United States (n = 1038; 2019-2021) were susceptible to omadacycline (99.8%), levofloxacin (99.7%), and ceftriaxone (98.

A plain language summary of how some fungi samples that show resistance to antifungal medicines have changes in their genes.

What Is This Summary About?: (shortened to ) is a fungus (plural: fungi) that can cause a serious infection in some people. can become resistant to medicines known as azoles (isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole). This means they stop working and are not able to kill the fungus.

Endemicity of producing IMP-18 and/or VIM-2 MBLs from the high-risk clone ST111 in Central America.

Background: is an important cause of serious nosocomial infections. Despite the overall genetic diversity of this species, highly conserved clonal complexes (CCs) have been observed among MDR isolates. Many of these CCs are associated with MBL-producing isolates.

In Vitro Activity of Isavuconazole and Other Mould-Active Azoles against with and without CYP51 Alterations.

Azole resistance in (AFM) is mainly associated with mutations in CYP51A and its promoter region or its homologue CYP51B. We evaluated the in vitro activity of isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole against 660 AFM collected during 2017-2020. Isolates were tested via CLSI broth microdilution.

Prevalence of carbapenemase genes among carbapenem-nonsusceptible collected in US hospitals in a five-year period and activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and comparator agents.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of acquired β-lactamase genes and susceptibility profiles of carbapenem-nonsusceptible (CNSE) clinical isolates collected in US hospitals during a 5-year period.

Methods: Isolates were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Results were interpreted using CLSI breakpoints.

Activity of meropenem/vaborbactam and comparators against non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates from Europe.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates have disseminated worldwide. CREs usually produce a carbapenemase; however, some isolates are negative for known carbapenemases. In this study, we evaluated the activity of meropenem/vaborbactam and comparators against CREs without a carbapenemase (nonCP CREs) collected from European hospitals from 2016 to 2019.

Azole resistance in Candida glabrata clinical isolates from global surveillance is associated with efflux overexpression.

Objectives: We evaluated the azole resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata from a global survey.

Methods: A total of 2992 Candida spp. isolates collected during 2018-2019 were susceptibility tested by the broth microdilution reference method following CLSI guidelines.

Aztreonam in combination with imipenem-relebactam against clinical and isogenic strains of serine and metallo-β-lactamase-producing enterobacterales.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of aztreonam plus imipenem-relebactam against clinical and isogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring NDM and >1 serine β-lactamase.

Methods: Thirteen isolates were included: 4 clinical E. coli, 4 clinical K.

Selection of the appropriate avibactam concentration for use with ceftibuten in broth microdilution susceptibility testing.

Ceftibuten is an oral cephalosporin approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1995 that is in early clinical development to be combined with an oral prodrug of avibactam. We evaluated the activity of ceftibuten-avibactam against molecularly characterized Enterobacterales that produced clinically relevant β-lactamases and assessed the best avibactam concentration to be combined with ceftibuten for susceptibility testing. Resistance mechanisms were evaluated by whole genome sequencing.

Activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam against carbapenemase-negative carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates from US hospitals.

We investigated the prevalence, resistance mechanisms and activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam and comparator agents against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) that did not carry carbapenemase genes. Among 304 CRE isolates collected in US hospitals during 2016-2018 (1.1% of the overall Enterobacterales), 45 (14.

Activity of meropenem/vaborbactam and comparators against Gram-negative isolates from Eastern and Western European patients hospitalized with pneumonia including ventilator-associated pneumonia (2014-19).

Objectives: Meropenem/vaborbactam has been approved in Europe for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bacteraemia among other indications. Vaborbactam is an inhibitor of class A and C β-lactamases, including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzymes, but not class B or D carbapenemases. We analysed the activity of meropenem/vaborbactam and comparators against 6846 Enterobacterales and 3567 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients hospitalized with pneumonia (PHP), including VAP.

Antifungal drugs work together to treat germs causing fungal infections.

Life-threatening infections can be caused by a fungus called (shortened to ) that is found in the hospital environment. This study looked at how well different drugs could treat infection. Samples were collected from 36 people who had infection.

Characterization of a vga gene variant recovered from a Staphylococcus saprophyticus causing a community-acquired urinary tract infection: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program 2017.

A patient with a history of UTI acquired an isolate of Staphylococcus saprophyticus that was resistant to clindamycin, streptogramin A, pleuromutilins (LSPs), and oxacillin. A plasmid-located vga variant was identified in this pathogen, and the encoded protein showed a 39% to 67% identity to other previously characterized vga.

Isavuconazole nonwildtype Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from a global surveillance study display alterations in multiple genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway not previously associated with resistance to other azoles.

Objectives: We evaluated 35 azole nonwildtype Aspergillus fumigatus isolates that were collected during 2017-2018 using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect alterations in the genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway as well as other genes associated with azole resistance.

Methods: Among 297 A fumigatus isolates collected worldwide, 36 isolates displayed nonwildtype MIC values to isavuconazole, itraconazole, or voriconazole when tested by the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. Isolates were submitted to WGS and results were compared to 2 azolewildtype isolates.

Evaluation of Synergistic Activity of Isavuconazole or Voriconazole plus Anidulafungin and the Occurrence and Genetic Characterization of Candida auris Detected in a Surveillance Program.

A total of 15 isolates from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program between 2006 and 2019 were combined with 21 isolates from other collections for the evaluation of antifungal susceptibility and synergy against anidulafungin plus voriconazole or isavuconazole using the checkerboard method. Surveillance isolates were analyzed for genetic relatedness and resistance mechanisms. Applying the tentative statistical epidemiological cutoff values and the Centers for Disease Control tentative breakpoints, 32/36 isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 5/36 were resistant to amphotericin B, 5/36 were non-wild-type (NWT) to anidulafungin, 3/36 were NWT to micafungin, and 1/36 and 10/36 were NWT to isavuconazole and voriconazole, respectively.

Analysis of global antifungal surveillance results reveals predominance of Erg11 Y132F alteration among azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis and country-specific isolate dissemination.

This study evaluated the activity of echinocandins, azoles and amphotericin B against Candida spp. isolates and other yeasts and characterised azole resistance mechanisms in Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis. Invasive Candida spp.

Variations in the Occurrence of Resistance Phenotypes and Carbapenemase Genes Among Isolates in 20 Years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.

Background: A total of 178 825 isolates collected in 199 hospitals from 42 countries worldwide over 20 years (1997 to 2016) of the SENTRY Program were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods.

Methods: Trends in percentages over time were analyzed by the χ test. Results were reported as the percentage difference between the first (1997-2000) and the last (2013-2016) time period.

Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme and 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase genes among a global collection of Gram-negative isolates.

Objectives: The prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methyltransferases among 200 Gram-negative clinical isolates resistant to different aminoglycosides and collected worldwide during 2013 was evaluated.

Methods: Selected AMEs and 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes were screened by PCR/sequencing among 49 Acinetobacter spp., 52 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 99 Enterobacterales.

Activity of plazomicin compared with other aminoglycosides against isolates from European and adjacent countries, including Enterobacteriaceae molecularly characterized for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and other resistance mechanisms.

Background: Plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside that was developed to overcome common aminoglycoside-resistance mechanisms.

Objectives: We evaluated the activity of plazomicin and comparators against clinical isolates collected from 26 European and adjacent countries during 2014 and 2015 as part of the Antimicrobial Longitudinal Evaluation and Resistance Trends (ALERT) global surveillance programme.

Methods: All 4680 isolates collected from 45 hospitals were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials using the reference broth microdilution method.

ZAAPS programme results for 2016: an activity and spectrum analysis of linezolid using clinical isolates from medical centres in 42 countries.

Objectives: To report the linezolid activity, resistance mechanisms and epidemiological typing of selected isolates observed during the 2016 Zyvox® Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum (ZAAPS) programme.

Methods: A total of 8325 organisms were consecutively collected from 76 centres in 42 countries (excluding the USA). Broth microdilution susceptibility testing was performed and isolates displaying linezolid MICs of ≥4 mg/L were molecularly characterized.

Case report of transient mcr-1-haboring Escherichia coli with concurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in Long Beach, California.

A 55-year-old man with history of chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis presented to an emergency department in California with abdominal pain, constipation, and jaundice. The patient developed methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia with a concurrent transient E.

Monitoring Antifungal Resistance in a Global Collection of Invasive Yeasts and Molds: Application of CLSI Epidemiological Cutoff Values and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis for Detection of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans.

The activity of 7 antifungal agents against 3,557 invasive yeasts and molds collected in 29 countries worldwide in 2014 and 2015 was evaluated. Epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) published in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M59 document were applied for species with no clinical breakpoints. Echinocandin susceptibility rates were 95.