Once-weekly semaglutide doubles the five-year risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a Danish cohort of 424,152 persons with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an untreatable condition often causing severe and irreversible visual loss in the affected eye. As it has recently been implied that the use of semaglutide associates with NAION, the aim of the present study was to evaluate this risk prospectively in all persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark.

Methods: In a five-year longitudinal cohort study, we identified all persons with T2D in Denmark (n = 424,152) between 2018 and 2024.

Metabolic Dysfunction in New-Onset Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Identification of Novel Biomarkers.

Objective: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurometabolic disease with an increasing incidence. The pathophysiology is unknown, but improvement of diagnosis and management requires discovery of novel biomarkers. Our objective was to identify such candidate biomarkers in IIH, and secondarily, test for associations between identified metabolites and disease severity.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signs of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Importance: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria currently used to diagnose idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are based on expert opinion and have limited accuracy. Additional neuroimaging signs have been proposed and used with contradictory results; thus, prospective evidence is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: To provide evidence-based, accurate MRI signs for IIH diagnosis.

Neurofilament light chain is elevated in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A prospective study.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a secondary headache disorder potentially causing visual loss. Neurofilament light chain is a candidate, prognostic biomarker, but further studies of neuronal biomarkers are needed. Our objective was to investigate neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid (cNfL) and plasma (pNfL), amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ-42), total-tau and phosphorylated-tau in cerebrospinal fluid in new-onset idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

The impact of eating disorders on idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) occurs more frequently in obese females of childbearing age. A link between eating disorders and poor outcome has been suggested but remains unproven.

Methods: This prospective field study at two tertiary headache centers included patients with clinically suspected IIH after standardized diagnostic work-up.

[Not Available].

This is a case report of a 3-year-old boy who presented with unilateral anterior uveitis and tonic pupil following varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Infection. The patient had red and irritated eyes and photophobia. Ophthalmological findings included anterior uveitis and tonic pupil accompanied by reduced vision and accommodation.

Diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A proposal for evidence-based diagnostic criteria.

Background: Based on expert opinion, abducens nerve palsy and a neuroimaging criterion (≥3 neuroimaging signs suggestive of elevated intracranial pressure) were added to the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Our objective was to validate this.

Methods: This prospective study included patients with new-onset idiopathic intracranial hypertension for a standardized work-up: interview, neuro-ophthalmological exam, lumbar puncture, neuroimaging.

Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Psychiatric disease is a frequent comorbidity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and has been associated with a poor subjective outcome. No prospective studies have investigated psychiatric comorbidities in new-onset IIH. Our primary aim was to investigate disease severity in IIH depending on comorbid psychiatric disease.

Endonasal Endoscopic Approach for Minimally Invasive Orbital Decompression in Nonthyroid Proptosis-A Scoping Review.

Objective: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) was originally performed to treat thyroid orbitopathy and proptosis. Since then, this approach also has been used to treat other causes of proptosis. This review systematically identifies surgical outcome and complication rates in patients without thyroid proptosis who underwent endoscopic endonasal orbital decompression.

[Orbital decompression in non-thyroid-associated diseases].

Hypoxia triggers hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Not only hypoxia triggers downstream HIF target genes for transcription, as intermittent hyperoxia also possesses similar capabilities, suggesting that fluctuations in oxygen availability may be equally important for inducing HIF transcription. This review describes some of the mechanisms, whereby intermittent hyperbaric hyperoxia may explain some of the observations during hyperbaric oxygen therapy such as enhanced wound healing, angiogenesis and tissue healing, and concludes that oxidative stress enhances certain antibiotics in infection control.

Risk of cataract surgery in HIV-infected individuals: a Danish Nationwide Population-based cohort study.

Background: Premature aging has been suggested a risk factor for early death in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, the risk of age-related diseases, such as cataracts, should be increased in this population. In a nationwide, population-based cohort study we assessed the risk of cataract surgery in HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population.