A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Phenylephrine by Intramuscular Route With Intravenous Infusion in Maintaining Haemodynamic Stability During Elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia.

Background Hypotension is a commonly encountered side effect in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia, particularly in patients undergoing caesarean section. Phenylephrine is a widely used drug to treat spinal-induced hypotension and to maintain hemodynamic stability. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of phenylephrine given through two different routes prophylactically in prevention of post-spinal hypotension in patients undergoing caesarean section.

Smartphone-based fundus camera device (MII Ret Cam) and technique with ability to image peripheral retina.

Purpose: To demonstrate an inexpensive smartphone-based fundus camera device (MII Ret Cam) and technique with ability to capture peripheral retinal pictures.

Methods: A fundus camera was designed in the form of a device that has slots to fit a smartphone (built-in camera and flash) and 20-D lens. With the help of the device and an innovative imaging technique, high-quality fundus videos were taken with easy extraction of images.

Protein C levels in ischaemic heart disease.

Protein C is a circulating glycoprotein with anticoagulant properties. Functional and immunological levels of protein C were determined in 34 cases of ischaemic heart disease and 12 healthy age-matched controls. The sensitive colorimetric assay was used to determine the functional levels and ELISA for antigenic levels.

A case of ST-segment and T-wave alternans.

A 45-year-old man was admitted to the Government General Hospital, Madras, India, for Prinzmetal's angina. His condition was not responding to the combined treatment of isosorbide dinitrate and propranolol hydrochloride he had been taking one week before admission to the hospital. During his stay in the intensive care unit, 23 episodes of ST-segment elevation occurred.

Type D double aortic arch. Double aortic arch with interruption of its left component proximal to the site of origin of left common carotid artery.

Type D double aortic arch in a five year old boy (with interruption of left arch proximal to left common carotid artery)--with persistent ductus arteriosus and stenosis of right and left pulmonary arteries diagnosed during life is reported. At surgery for P.D.

Plain roentgenographic estimation of pulmonary vascular pressures: an improved technique: a catheter-correlated study of 215 patients with mitral valvular disease.

Our improvement on Turner's technique enabled more accurate plain x-ray estimation of pulmonary venous pressure (PVP) up to 60 mm and of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) up to 150 mm in 215 patients catheterized for mitral valvular disease. Our improvement comprises (1) five main pulmonary artery (MPA) grades 0 to IV according to its area and volume; (2) modified pressure values assigned for MPA and kinetic energy of the right ventricle (required to pump blood into the pulmonary arterial bed) according to MPA grades; and (3) nine PVP grades from 0 to 8 with corresponding assigned PVP values. These modifications have enhanced the accuracy of the technique up to 85 to 95%.

Plain roentgenographic estimation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure by the pulmonary arterial angle method.

Chest roentgenograms of 125 patients (115 with pure or predominant mitral stenosis) were studied by the pulmonary arterial angle method to estimate systolic pulmonary artery pressure without prior knowledge of catheterization data. First the angle between the line drawn along the right upper lobe artery and the tangent drawn along the point of junction of superior and lateral borders of the right pulmonary artery was determined. Next the angle between the right middle lobe artery and the descending pulmonary artery is determined.

Surgical correction of a rare variant of cor triatriatum.

Cor triatratum is a rare congenital malformation. Problems in diagnosis and surgery arise due to associated anomalies such as atrial septal defects and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. A 21-year-old man proved to have a rare variant of cor triatiatum in which both the upper and lower compartments of the left atrium communicated with the right atrium through two separate atrial septal defects.