Managing high disease burden: a study of medication rationality in diabetes and hypertension in Andhra Pradesh.

Objectives: To assess the burden of chronic Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and hypertension, and evaluate the utilization of drugs for their treatment among the population of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, as well as the pattern of drug usage for their management. Data were collected through surveys and medical records review.

Link Prediction in Complex Networks Using Average Centrality-Based Similarity Score.

Link prediction plays a crucial role in identifying future connections within complex networks, facilitating the analysis of network evolution across various domains such as biological networks, social networks, recommender systems, and more. Researchers have proposed various centrality measures, such as degree, clustering coefficient, betweenness, and closeness centralities, to compute similarity scores for predicting links in these networks. These centrality measures leverage both the local and global information of nodes within the network.

Optimized attention-induced multihead convolutional neural network with efficientnetv2-fostered melanoma classification using dermoscopic images.

Melanoma is an uncommon and dangerous type of skin cancer. Dermoscopic imaging aids skilled dermatologists in detection, yet the nuances between melanoma and non-melanoma conditions complicate diagnosis. Early identification of melanoma is vital for successful treatment, but manual diagnosis is time-consuming and requires a dermatologist with training.

Community-Based Matrix Factorization (CBMF) Approach for Enhancing Quality of Recommendations.

Matrix factorization is a long-established method employed for analyzing and extracting valuable insight recommendations from complex networks containing user ratings. The execution time and computational resources demanded by these algorithms pose limitations when confronted with large datasets. Community detection algorithms play a crucial role in identifying groups and communities within intricate networks.

Development of smart spectacles to monitor and modify myopia-related health behaviour in children.

Purpose: To develop a wearable, spectacle-mounted, sensor-based device to monitor and modify myopia risk factors in children, namely near-working distance, light levels and spectral composition.

Methods: A wearable, spectacle-mounted device has been developed, which consists of inbuilt sensors, namely: (i) light sensor to detect ambient light intensity; (ii) proximity sensor to measure near-work distance; (iii) microspectrograph to measure spectral power for six visible channels, namely red, green, blue, yellow, orange and violet and (iv) a global positioning system tracker to track the location and the device. The sensors were programmed by Arduino Nano, and the circuit was fixed onto a printed circuit board fitted onto a spectacle frame for pilot testing.

Centromere Protein F (CENPF): A novel marker for salivary gland pathology.

Background: Salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon, and there exists considerable diagnostic difficulty. This is due to individual lesions having diverse histopathological features, presence of number of types and variants, and overlapping histological features in different tumour entities.

Aim: The current study aimed at assessing the expression of centromere protein F (CENPF) in benign and malignant salivary gland tumours and to evaluate the efficacy of CENPF as a proliferative marker to aid in the diagnosis of malignancy so that it will help in surgical pathology practice.

Microalgae as a potential therapeutic drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.

Microalgae are highly photosynthetic unicellular organism that have increased demand in the recent days owing to the presence of valuable cellular metabolites. They are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, rich in species diversity and are capable of generating significant biomass by efficiently using CO, light and other nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate etc., The microalgal biomass has upsurged in economic potential and is used as both food and feed in many countries across the world, accounting for more than 75 % of annual microalgal biomass production in the past decades.

Collagen/physiologically clotted fibrin-based nanobioscaffold supported with silver nanoparticles: A novel approach.

Purpose: In this work, a blend of collagen, physiologically clotted fibrin (PCF), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is used to develop a nanobioscaffold (NBS), for their possible application in wound dressing materials.

Methods: The prepared NBS were evaluated using physicochemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties. The NBS cell viability was demonstrated in a biocompatibility study using the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT).

A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines fat accumulation in the liver, and it is commonly associated with metabolic syndromes like diabetes and obesity. Progressive NAFLD leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH is currently a frequent cause of liver transplantation. Oxidative stress is often contributed to the progression of NAFLD, and hence, antioxidants such as silymarin, silybin, or silibinin, pentoxifylline, resveratrol, and vitamins A, C, and E are used in clinical trials against NAFLD.

Novel IL-15 dendritic cells have a potent immunomodulatory effect in immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, and have thus been used in clinical cancer vaccines. However, the effects of DC vaccines are still limited, leading researchers to explore novel ways to make them effective. In this study, we investigated whether human monocyte-derived DCs generated via the addition of interleukin 15 (IL-15) had a higher capacity to induce antigen-specific T cells compared to conventional DCs.

Privacy Protection of Healthcare Data over Social Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

With the rapid development of mobile medical care, medical institutions also have the hidden danger of privacy leakage while sharing personal medical data. Based on the k-anonymity and l-diversity supervised models, it is proposed to use the classified personalized entropy l-diversity privacy protection model to protect user privacy in a fine-grained manner. By distinguishing solid and weak sensitive attribute values, the constraints on sensitive attributes are improved, and the sensitive information is reduced for the leakage probability of vital information to achieve the safety of medical data sharing.

Nano-based targeted drug delivery for lung cancer: therapeutic avenues and challenges.

Most anticancer drugs often fail in clinical trials due to poor solubility, poor bioavailability, lack of targeted delivery and several off-target effects. Polymeric nanoparticles such as poly(lactide), poly(lactic--glycolic acid), ALB-loading paclitaxel (Abraxane ABI-007), lomustine-loaded chitosan, gelatin (decorated with EGF receptor-targeted biotinylated EGF) and so on offer controlled and sustained drug-release properties, biocompatibility and promising anticancer effects. EGF, folic acid, transferrin, sigma and urokinase plasminogen activator receptors-targeting nano preparations improve bioavailability and accumulate drugs on the lung tumor cell surface.

A review on plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles and its applications.

Nanotechnology explores a variety of promising approaches in the field of biomedical sciences. For biogenesis of selenium (Se) nanoparticles different parts of a plant are used as they contain metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, and other phytochemicals which act as reducing agent to produce and stabilize nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is also widely practiced in medicine, agriculture, and many other technologies.

Diagnosis and Assessment of Severity of Pediatric Pneumonia Using the Respiratory Index of Severity (RISC) Scoring System.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the Respiratory Index of Severity (RISC) scoring system and the World Health Organization (WHO) interpretation of chest radiographs, and to evaluate the RISC scoring system in the diagnosis and assessment of severity of pneumonia in children against chest X-ray.

Methods: 241 children presenting to a tertiary care center with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia that necessitated a chest radiograph to be taken, were enrolled. The RISC scoring was done for all participants by a single pediatrician and chest X-ray graded by a single radiologist as per the WHO interpretation of chest radiographs.

Anticancer effects and lysosomal acidification in A549 cells by Astaxanthin from Haematococcus lacustris.

Astaxanthin (AXN) is known to have health benefits by epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effect of AXN (derived from indigenous unicellular green alga Haematococcus lacustris) to modulate cell cycle arrest, lysosomal acidification and eventually apoptosis using in vitro in A549 lung cancer cells. Natural extracts of astaxanthin were obtained by standardized methods as reported earlier and characterized by standard HPLC and MS.

Data on known anti-virals in combating CoVid-19.

Design and development of effective anti-virals in combating CoVid-19 is a great challenge worldwide. Known drugs such as chloroquine, lopinavir, favipiravir and remdesivir are used in the management of CoVid - 19. It is known that Ivermectin and remdesivir both are effective against filoviruses, paramyxo viruses.

Cytotoxic potentials of silibinin assisted silver nanoparticles on human colorectal HT-29 cancer cells.

It is of interest to study the cytotoxicity of silibinin assisted silver nanoparticles in human colorectal (HT-29) cancer cells. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silibinin as a reducing agent. The synthesized silibinin assisted silver nanoparticles ( SSNPs) were characterized and analyzed using a transmission electron microscope and spectrophotometer.